The book of Enoch : translated from Professor Dillmann's Ethiopic ...

Introduction. 107
'Head of Days' (xlvi. 2); 'Lord of the Mighty' (lxiii. 2); 'Lord
of the Rulers ' (lxiii. 2); ' Lord of Wisdom ' (lxiii. 2). (b) Angel-
ology. The four chief angels in xxxvii-lxxi are Michael, Rufael,
Gabriel, and Fanuel. Fanuel is not mentioned elsewhere in the
book, which gives Uriel instead. In xiv. 11 God is surrounded
by Cherubim: but in lxi. 10; lxxi. 6, by Cherubim, Sera-
phim, and Ophanim, angels of power, and angels of dominions.
The angel of peace (xl. 8) is also peculiar to the Similitudes,
(c) Demonology. In the other Sections of the book the sins of
the angels consisted in their lusting after the daughters of men
(vi-viii), but in liv. 6 in their becoming subjects of Satan. In xxxvii-
lxx an evil spirit-world is presupposed from the beginning, but not
in the rest of the book. Satan and the Satans, xl. 7; liii. 3; liv. 6,
are not even mentioned in the other Sections. These have access
to heaven, xl. 7, whereas in the other Sections only good angels have
access there. The angels of punishment also are found for the first
time in xxxvii-lxxi. (d) The Messianic doctrine in xxxvii-lxx
is unique, not only as regards the other Sections of Enoch, but
also in Jewish literature as a whole. The Messiah pre-exists
xlviii. 2 (note) from the beginning : he sits on the throne of God,
xlvii. 3, and possesses universal dominion, lxii. 6 ; all judgment is
committed unto him, lxix. 27, and he slays the wicked by the word
of his mouth, lxii. 2. Turning to the other Sections we find that
there is no Messiah in i-xxxvi and in xci-civ, while in lxxxiii-xc
the Messiah is evidently human and possesses none of the great
attributes belonging to the Messiah of the Similitudes. (e) The
scene of the Messianic kingdom in i-xxxvi is Jerusalem and the
earth purified from sin; in lxxxiii-xc, a heavenly Jerusalem set
up by God Himself; in xci-civ, Jerusalem and the earth as
they are ; but in xxxvii-lxx, a new heaven and a new earth,
xlv. 4, 5 (note). Again, the duration of the Messianic kingdom
in i-xxxvi is eternal, but the life of its members limited. The
duration of the Messianic kingdom in lxxxiii-xc is eternal, and
the life of its members eternal (?).
The duration of the Messianic
kingdom in xci-civ is limited, and the life of its members limited.
(In xci-civ the real interest centres, not in the Messianic king-
dom, but in the future spiritual life of the righteous.) But
the duration of the Messianic kingdom in xxxvii-lxx is eternal,
and the life of its members eternal.
C. Date. From a full review of the evidence, which is given
and discussed in the notes on xxxviii. 5, it appears that the kings