The book of Enoch : translated from Professor Dillmann's Ethiopic ...

General Introduction. 27
b C, and mainly from the same standpoint as Daniel. The
grounds for discriminating this section from the rest are given
at length in the Special Introductions to those sections.
We find there that the writer of lxxxiii-xc has made
use of i-xxxvi. He is moreover of an ascetic turn of
mind. These visions came to him before he was married,
the implication being that he has no such supernatural ex-
periences after marriage. But as visions are inferior to actual
waking intercourse with the angels, such as Enoch enjoyed
in i-xxxvi, it is clear even on this single ground that these
two parts are from different authors.
The writer of lxxxiii-xc has advanced considerably beyond
the naive and sensuous views of the kingdom presented in
i-xxxvi. His conceptions are more spiritual. He writes a few
years later than the last chapters of Daniel, and like the latter
has risen to the conception of an everlasting blessedness. He
may be indebted to this writer for the fourfold division of
the seventy angel reigns among the four great world powers
to which, in succession, Israel was subject, and the phrase
-
' 'glorious land (lxxxix. 40, cf. Dan. xi. 16, 41) may be
drawn from the same source. His eschatological views are
developed at greater length than those of Daniel, but he
follows in some respects prophetic rather than apocalyptic
ideas. In Daniel the final crisis is sudden and unmediated,
but in lxxxiii-xc it is ushered in through the warlike efforts
of the Chasids led by Judas Maccabaeus. In this strife the
heathen enemies of Israel are destroyed. Then ensue the
judgment and condemnation of the fallen watchers, the faith-
less angel shepherds, and the apostate Jews.
The judgment appears to be followed by the resurrection of
righteous Israelites only : if this is so, then this book diverges
from the teaching of Daniel xii. 1, 2 and the earlier book of
Enoch i-xxxvi. The righteous Jews are all assembled in the
New Jerusalem established by God Himself, and their ranks
are swelled by those Gentiles who had hitherto been neutral,
but are now converted to the worship of Israel's God. At