The book of Enoch : translated from Professor Dillmann's Ethiopic ...

Sect. V.] Introduction. 263
the beginning of the Messianic kingdom. (2) There is a resur-
rection of the righteous only in xci-civ; but in lxxxiii-xc a
resurrection of apostate Jews also. (3) The period of the sword
is differently dated and conceived in the two sections. In xci-civ
it is separated from the final judgment by the whole period of
the Messianic kingdom, see xci. 12 : in lxxxiii—xc it immediately
precedes the final judgment, see xc. 19: in xci-civ it is ethical
and vindictive—the destruction of the wicked by the righteous
in lxxxiii-xc it is national and vindictive—the destruction of the
hostile Gentiles by the Jews. (4) The building of the Temple
precedes the final judgment in xci-civ : in lxxxiii-xc it is subse-
quent to the final judgment. (5) The scene of the Messianic
kingdom in xci-civ is apparently heaven; for in xci. 14-16 the
former heaven and earth are destroyed and a new heaven created,
but no new earth, and in civ. 2 heaven is thrown open to the
righteous.
We must therefore conclude that xci-civ and lxxxiii-xc proceed
from different authors, and this conclusion is confirmed when we
observe the forcible dislocations that xci-civ have undergone at the
hands of the final editor. This section taken in the following
order, xcii ; xci. 1-10; xciii. 1-10 ; xci. 12-19; xciv (see
p. 260) forms a complete book in itself, and presents a world-
view peculiarly its own. Why then was the original order de-
parted from, unless in order to adapt it to a new context 3 On all
sides, then, the conclusion is irresistible that xci-civ once formed
an independent writing : that it was afterwards incorporated into
a larger work, and underwent its present derangements in the
process of incorporation.
C. The Authorship and Date. The author belongs to a
clearly defined party. That this party is the Pharisees is obvious
for it is exclusive in an extreme degree, xcvii. 4 ; it is an upholder
of the law against an apostate hellenizing party, xcix. 2, 14; it
looks forward to a temporal triumph over its opponents, xci. 12,
&c; it believes in a final judgment and resurrection of the
righteous, xci. 10, xcii. 3, and in Sheol as the place of eternal
punishment for the wicked, xcix. 11, ciii. 7, 8.
The enemies of this party are rich and trust in their riches,
xcvi. 4, xcvii. 8-10, xcviii. 2 : they oppress and rob the poor
of their wages, xcix. 1 3 : they have forsaken the law, xcix. 2,
falsified the O. T. writings, and led men astray through their
heathen doctrines, xciv. 5, civ. 1 o : they are given up to super-