The Bourgeois Virtues: Ethics for an Age of Commerce

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not by p alone 431The key to van Staveren’s thinking is this amazing table laying out thethree spheres and their modes of ethical values, feelings, reasoning, andaction. She criticizes an early version of my argument for mixing up thecolumns, and in particular including in a bourgeois column “the virtue of‘affection’ that Hume found to be furthered outside the market, ...thevirtue of ‘trust’ that Mill, Polanyi, and Hirschman have located in caring
432 chapter 40relationships in the home, in the community, or among consumers ofemployees but not in a market transaction, ...the virtue of ‘respect’ thatMill and Perkins Gilman found to be supported outside the market,...andthe virtue of ‘responsibility’ that Hayek and Friedman recognized as belongingoutside the market but at the same time as a precondition for markettransactions to happen.” 14 I agree that I was unclear about just how suchvirtues arise in market societies. I probably still am. Van Staveren and I alsoagree that such values are necessary for markets to work, and that a societywithout a polis or an oikos, a domain of justice or of care, will be deficientin them, nightmarish. A virtue such as trust “is a value that markets need.”But we disagree about whether markets can “generate” trust, or whethertrust can only be “furthered and nurtured outside the market in what I havecalled the care economy.” 15 Van Staveren thinks of the market here as operatingoverwhelmingly “through calculation, interest, and exchange.” Admittedly,such a mechanical thing could not “generate” trust. Without somelove or solidarity, like a starter in sourdough bread, no one would trust anybody.Nancy Folbre says, and I agree, that “the invisible hand of [anonymous,mechanical] markets depends on the invisible heart of care. Marketscannot function effectively outside the framework of families and communitiesbuilt on values of love, obligation, and reciprocity.” 16 The philosopherLester Hunt makes a similar point, based on a similar dichotomy: the powerof commerce over the formation of character “is checked by that of othersectors, including especially the radically contrasting institution of thegift.” 17Granted. But are P-Only calculation, interest, and exchange what marketsoverwhelmingly consist of? I think not. I think, and believe vanStaveren and Folbre and Hunt would agree, that actual markets are ofteninfused with S values. Consider the last moderately complicated purchaseyou made, for that remodeled kitchen, say, or a new car. Where exactly eachquantum of trust originates is a deeper question of social psychology thanany of us economists or philosophers is equipped to handle. But even marketshave trust, fairness, symbols built into them. And, I would say, “generated”in them. The columns do mix.In the end the School of Klamer would acknowledge so. Their purpose isprecisely to overturn the P-Only orthodoxy of “mainstream,” that is, especially,American, conservative economics. Thus the Dutch learning.
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the bourgeois virtues
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Deirdre N. McCloskey is distinguish
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contentsPreface xiiiAcknowledgments
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Part 3THE PAGAN AND MASCULINE VIRTU
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35 Other Lists 379Many other lists
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prefaceWhile on an airplane reading
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acknowledgmentsJoseph Epstein, the
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acknowledgmentsxviiAnthony Waterman
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Apologya brief for the bourgeois vi
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a brief for the bourgeois virtues 3
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40 apologyEurope the frontiers were
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42 apologyterritories give both to
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44 apologythat that other person do
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46 apologyoverrepresented, because
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48 apologywith Ridley the bourgeois
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50 apologyconsist in good measure o
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52 apologybombers. Europe recovered
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AppealSocrates: I count being refut
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appeal 57consumption. Feminist econ
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appeal 59material and ethical impro
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Commerce penetrates the secret plac
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64 chapter 1which is to say the pat
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66 chapter 1effect of Machiavelli,
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2the very word “bourgeois”Bourg
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70 chapter 2suppose be active witho
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72 chapter 2have until the twentiet
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74 chapter 2they often came. Such l
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76 chapter 2make that work honorabl
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78 chapter 2Theodore Schultz, the i
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80 chapter 3Embarrassment of Riches
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82 chapter 3in eighteenth-century w
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84 chapter 3means “sea land” cl
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86 chapter 3upper-entrepreneurial c
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part oneThe Christianand Feminine V
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92 chapter 4Noddings, Mary Midgley,
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94 chapter 4children or ancestors o
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96 chapter 4In the West before Chri
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98 chapter 4Wordsworth did so freel
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5love and the transcendentLove reac
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102 chapter 5A Pharisee is someone
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104 chapter 5God at the beginning.
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106 chapter 5applying to the level
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6sweet love vs. interestSo-called S
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110 chapter 6mating: each person, i
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112 chapter 6he gives up. But that
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114 chapter 6thing) “is loved for
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116 chapter 6Lewis offers a ladder
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118 chapter 7Prudence Only calculat
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120 chapter 7This is to miss the po
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122 chapter 7distinctions result fr
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124 chapter 7He improves upon a fam
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8love and the bourgeoisieAt the ris
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128 chapter 8harder. It is as thoug
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130 chapter 8need to explain why yo
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132 chapter 8traditional, and gemei
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134 chapter 8The English aristocrac
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136 chapter 8“love” is itself d
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138 chapter 8acknowledgment of soli
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140 chapter 9has access to less den
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142 chapter 9one another, leaving t
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144 chapter 9Putnam’s work by Dor
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146 chapter 9than war. And it’s n
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148 chapter 9that bourgeois and cap
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10faith as identityNihil aliud scio
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faith as identity 153evidence of a
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faith as identity 155Fides was the
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faith as identity 157One can show i
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faith as identity 159from poor econ
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hope and its banishment 161Christia
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hope and its banishment 163in the t
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About it and about; but evermoreCam
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12against the sacredIn their offici
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against the sacred 169seems right.
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possible objects of Hope and Faith,
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against the sacred 173There could b
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against the sacred 175Charles Hutch
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van gogh and the transcendent profa
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humility and truth 185To put it aca
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humility and truth 187Devil’s num
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humility and truth 189Uriah does no
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humility and truth 191what you have
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humility and truth 193arm of the Me
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15economic theologyThe only ethical
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economic theology 197of course not.
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part threeThe Pagan andMasculine Vi
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202 chapter 16meaning “forcefulne
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204 chapter 16end angering the gods
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206 chapter 16next year. He conclud
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208 chapter 16like Odysseus, saving
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210 chapter 16“Armed resistance w
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17anachronistic couragein the bourg
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214 chapter 17carrying fact. To the
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216 chapter 17citizens in the West,
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218 chapter 17The point is that bou
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220 chapter 17Clancy novels about s
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222 chapter 17Such a fiction does o
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224 chapter 18gentleman in the nine
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226 chapter 18director Kurosawa sai
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228 chapter 18which Hammett defined
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230 chapter 18The ageing Roosevelt
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232 chapter 19No one before the lat
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234 chapter 19around 1900 and accel
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236 chapter 19notorious Paragraph 1
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238 chapter 19or Huck Finn trying t
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240 chapter 19Hemingway’s mytholo
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242 chapter 20“We’re going thro
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244 chapter 20(wanting to swing on
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246 chapter 20The Danny Glover char
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248 chapter 20procedures for recall
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250 chapter 20sin is literal hopele
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21prudence is a virtueA person or a
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prudence is a virtue 255women criti
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prudence is a virtue 257He is, Aris
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prudence is a virtue 259part of hum
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prudence is a virtue 261Because ari
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22the monomania of immanuel kantThe
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the monomania of immanuel kant 265
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the monomania of immanuel kant 267T
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the monomania of immanuel kant 269i
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the storied character of virtue 271
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24evil as imbalance, inner and oute
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evil as imbalance, inner and outer
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the pagan-ethical bourgeois 291At t
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the pagan-ethical bourgeois 293assi
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the pagan-ethical bourgeois 295hono
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the pagan-ethical bourgeois 297the
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the pagan-ethical bourgeois 299alon
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part fiveSystematizing the SevenVir
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HOPEFAITH- Martin Luther King -TheT
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306 chapter 26warmth and meaning. T
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308 chapter 26The seven virtues in
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310 chapter 26right-side love, or i
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312 chapter 26mastering above all.
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27a philosophical psychology?If the
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316 chapter 27a genus substituting
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318 chapter 27which Cicero translat
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28ethical strivingI have been claim
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322 chapter 28“not just from his
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324 chapter 28other good human beha
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326 chapter 28We don’t know the d
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328 chapter 28English traveler, who
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330 chapter 28Biff: Well, I borrowe
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29ethical realismThe virtues in the
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334 chapter 29epistemology between
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336 chapter 29We do not know about
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338 chapter 30You can opt for the c
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340 chapter 30scales—that is, pru
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342 chapter 30to church for the soc
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344 chapter 30Akerlof, Harry Frankf
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31character(s)The Dutch economist A
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348 chapter 31its own, sometimes ev
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350 chapter 31reputability, dependa
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32antimonism againAs Stuart Hampshi
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354 chapter 32Kant’s most famous
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356 chapter 32subject to rules that
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358 chapter 32A strange but powerfu
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360 chapter 32Ethical life is like
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362 chapter 33scientist, and secret
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364 chapter 33historically continge
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366 chapter 33But in answering the
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368 chapter 33Some good scholars in
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370 chapter 34Bacon’s text in fac
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372 chapter 34one cruelty what anot
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374 chapter 34not engaged in social
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376 chapter 34pretense, equal pain,
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378 chapter 34but he might as well
Page 399 and 400: 380 chapter 35L. Blum’s Friendshi
Page 401 and 402: 382 chapter 35to see what is bad or
Page 403 and 404: 384 chapter 35you will note, when s
Page 405 and 406: 36eastern and other waysBut after s
Page 407 and 408: 388 chapter 36contemporary with Pla
Page 409 and 410: 390 chapter 36The Japanese are in s
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Page 413 and 414: 37needing virtuesOr one can take th
Page 415 and 416: 396 chapter 37Since he seemed to be
Page 417 and 418: 398 chapter 37Emotivism, observe ag
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Page 421 and 422: 402 chapter 37sin. You cannot get m
Page 423 and 424: 404 chapter 37would keep this crush
Page 426 and 427: 38p & s and the capitalist lifePrud
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Page 436 and 437: sacred reasons 417read high art as
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Page 452 and 453: 41the myth of modern rationalityBut
Page 454 and 455: the myth of modern rationality 435t
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Page 458 and 459: the myth of modern rationality 439o
Page 460 and 461: the myth of modern rationality 441P
Page 462 and 463: god’s deal 443which the feeling o
Page 464 and 465: god’s deal 445edge and frequency
Page 466 and 467: god’s deal 447humans will accept
Page 468 and 469: god’s deal 449original sayings of
Page 470 and 471: 43necessary excess?The world is too
Page 472 and 473: necessary excess? 453productivity a
Page 474 and 475: necessary excess? 455that “the ec
Page 476 and 477: necessary excess? 457surprisingly m
Page 478 and 479: necessary excess? 459and to turn
Page 480 and 481: 44good workBenjamin Hunnicutt argue
Page 482 and 483: good work 463influences, because th
Page 484 and 485: good work 465pray, to write, to thi
Page 486 and 487: good work 467Christianity appears t
Page 488 and 489: 45wage slaveryOn the side of produc
Page 490 and 491: wage slavery 471anything but dishon
Page 492 and 493: wage slavery 473Studs Terkel in Wor
Page 494 and 495: wage slavery 475was much admired by
Page 496 and 497: I really wish that I could be a lad
Page 498 and 499: the rich 479before capitalism had g
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the rich 481acquisitiveness and cal
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the rich 483Sam continues: “Take
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the rich 485profit making. 11 He cr
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the rich 487perhaps a high single d
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good barons 489human computers rush
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good barons 491another way, the ent
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good barons 493$3 billion he collec
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good barons 495put forward in the t
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48the anxieties of bourgeois virtue
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the anxieties of bourgeois virtues
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Postscriptthe unfinished case for t
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the unfinished case for the bourgeo
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the unfinished case for the bourgeo
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notespreface1. Dougherty, Who’s A
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notes to pages 17-27 51738. Kahn-Le
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notes to pages 35-44 51977. Thus ag
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notes to pages 68-80 521chapter 2:
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notes to pages 94-104 52316. Saller
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notes to pages 112-123 52515. Sen,E
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notes to pages 135-145 52724. Sen,
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notes to pages 158-169 52927. Arce
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notes to pages 181-190 53116. Stein
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notes to pages 203-216 53310. Smith
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notes to pages 231-245 535chapter 1
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notes to pages 258-266 53720. Butle
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notes to pages 281-293 5398. Coleri
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notes to pages 314-322 541chapter 2
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notes to pages 334-346 5434. James,
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notes to pages 364-378 5456. As Phi
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notes to pages 391-400 54715. Bened
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notes to pages 412-423 54914. Heilb
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notes to pages 438-453 55111. Medaw
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notes to pages 466-482 55317. Hornb
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notes to pages 499-507 5553. Feser,
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558 works citedArendt, Hannah. 1958
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560 works citedBlaug, Marc. 1980. T
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Page 609 and 610:
590 indexantibourgeois figures: boh
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592 indexBourgeois Deal: McCloskey
Page 613 and 614:
594 indexcitizen, distinguished fro
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596 indexeconomics of religion, 341
Page 617 and 618:
598 indexFranklin, John Hope: ethic
Page 619 and 620:
600 indexHeckscher, Eli: French mer
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602 indexintelligentsia, intellectu
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604 indexLewis, C. S.: definition o
Page 625 and 626:
606 indexMeester, Johan de: on van
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608 indexP variables: Dario Comi an
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610 indexrealism: in epistemology,
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612 indexSen, Amartya: agency and M
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614 indextheology: apologia, 1, 5;
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616 indexwelfare economics: as stuf
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