The Bourgeois Virtues: Ethics for an Age of Commerce

index 591Baar, Dirk-Jan van: on van Gogh, 530n4Bacon, Francis: ethical tradition in, 66,369–370; false friends, 156; on rhetoric,156, 224, 323, 372, 452Baechler, Jean: competing governments, 40Baier, Annette: appropriate trust, 118;humans unlovable in Kant, 523n31;Hume and gender, 310–311; reproductionof moral agents, 321; virtue ethicist, 92Bailey, Steve: junk in Japan, 454Ballard, Martha: ethical motives for work,424–425; typical early U.S. life, 17banishment of faith and hope: historically,163–166; recent philosophy, 167–175Bannister, Roger: running and life, 272Barr, Stephen: faith founds inquiry, 152Basanez, Miguel: religious values worldwide,554n18Baudelaire, Charles: clerisy’s “irritability,” 10;quoting Poe, 10Bayle, Pierre: banishment of transcendent,163; Dictionnaire, online source, 529n12beauty: “cleanliness” in Dutch and Japanese,82–83Beauvoir, Simone de Beauvoir: antibourgeois,297; men’s fantasies, 223; on pluralism,298; Weil and exam for EcoleNormale Supérieure, 380Beck, Lewis White: spoof on Kant, 267Becker, Gary: capitalism as greed, 2; cost ofdiscrimination, 436–437; his development,441 and evolutionary arguments,43; libertarian rightist, 7; love as pleasure,109, 135; love more than pleasure,110; prudence-only, 110–111, 119;Beethoven, Ludwig von: always commercial,20behaviorism: narrows evidence, 110–111;spoofed by Lodge, 172Bell, Daniel: cultural contradiction of capitalism,13Bellah, Robert: absence of monotheism inJapan, 548n3; American individualism,142, 146; Charry on American individualismin, 255; Christians in modern Japan,297; Japanese worship of men, 103; solidarity,141–142, 145–147; strong ties, 144Bellow, Saul: artist’s fragility in America, 177;early Trotskyism, 59Bender, Thomas, Gemeinschaft andGesellschaft, 131Benedict, Ruth: as ethical exemplar, 269; onethics in general, 507; Japanese ethics, 122,353, 390–392, 408; used for outline, 63Benhabib, Seyla, 555n4Bennett, William J.: list of virtues, 382–383;stories and virtues, 329Bentham, Jeremy: capitalism as greed, 2; ethicalprogram, 263; life experience,271–272; prudence-only, 8, 119; and separatevirtues, 338–339, 511Bergman, Barbara: ethics in her science, 324Berkowitz, Peter: on Kant’s politics, 322Berlin, Isaiah: totality as “terrestrial paradise,”143; Romance, 145; Machiavelli andunity of virtues, 247, 358, 370; forms oflife, 347, 356; agonistic liberalism, 357, 499Berman, Eli: utility of love, 543n2Berman, Marshall: hope and faith, 161Bildungsbürgertum: same as clerisy, 71Blaug, Marc: emotivism, 397; philosophy ofscience, 334–335Blewhitt, George: reply to Mandeville, 460Boaz, Franz: German antiracism, 145Bock, Gisela, 555n6Boesky, Ivan: greed is good, 136Bonaparte, Napoleon: bourgeois, 216,422–423; drive Death into the enemy’sranks, 210; nation of shopkeepers, 216Bonet, Edward: Catalan temperament,537n26booboisie: Mencken’s sneer at, 69; undervaluesart and education, 148Book of Knowledge: ethical exempla in,327–328Booth, Wayne: fact and value, 334, 396, 397Borrow, George: Spaniards aristocratic,537n28Boswell, James. See Beck, Lewis White; Johnson,SamuelBoswell, John: attitudes toward homosexualityin past, 232Bourdieu, Pierre: consumption and class, 77bourgeois: attitudes in navy, 216–217, chaps.2–3, 38–48 throughout; defined, 85;English,always bourgeois, 93–94;Frenchusage, 69; Holland, always bourgeois, 94;left’s definition as unethical, 79; origin ofword, 68; troubles with the word, 68, 79;version of reason, in Enlightenment, 268;and war, 209, 211;why keep word,69, 79,85–88