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Table 5-3Summary of Event-Oriented Risk ScenariosEVENT-ORIENTED RISKEXAMPLE SCENARIODemonstration or protest • Any event that is political in nature or invokes social concern.• Political conventions and paradesTicketless event patrons • Sold-out sports championship gamescausing overcrowding • Sold-out concerts involving select performersFan celebration • Response to city or school sports team winning a championship.Event patron violence • Motorcycle rally violence between patrons and/or participants.describes these scenarios and highlights examplecase studies that illustrate resultingimpacts on advance planning and/or day-ofeventoperations. Chapter 6 provides detailedguidance on contingency planning inaddition to the development of specificstrategies (e.g., alternate route plans) neededto effectively respond to certain unplannedscenarios.Demonstration or ProtestCertain political or socially controversialplanned special events may provoke a demonstrationor protest. Those attending thedemonstration represent non-attendees, andthe event planning team often has little or noadvance information regarding the demonstration’sspecific location and time of occurrence.The event planning team shouldobtain access to relevant law enforcementintelligence reports regarding potential demonstrationsto develop an effective travelmanagement contingency plan. The threatof an unplanned road closure should promptthe event planning team to consider developingan alternate route contingency plan detailingthe personnel and equipment resourcesnecessary to effect an immediatediversion of traffic.Appendix B contains a contingency diversionrouting plan prepared in response to thepotential for demonstrations during the 2000Republican National Convention in Philadelphia,PA.OvercrowdingThe occurrence of sports championshipgames or major concerts at venues having adefined sell-out capacity may attract ticketlessevent patrons not accounted for in eventtravel forecasts and impact mitigationstrategies. Events such as the Super Bowl orNational Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA) Final Four cause an increase inarea visitors beyond the actual event participantsand patrons. Sold-out music festivalsmay attract persons wanting to tailgate invenue parking areas despite not having aticket.For instance, event planners originally anticipated200,000 people to attend a two-dayGrateful Dead reunion concert at a 35,000seat amphitheater in rural East Troy, WI,located approximately 30 miles southeast ofMilwaukee. The Walworth County HighwayCommittee initially denied the eventorganizer a permit to hold the two concerts.After the event organizer unveiled a comprehensivesecurity and traffic managementplan that included using advance checkpointsto turn away any vehicle that containeda ticketless occupant, county executivesoverturned their decision and issued apermit. (1) Appendix B contains a list of restrictionsimposed by the event organizerand event planning team to prevent ticketlessevent patrons from gaining access to thevenue parking areas.5-6
Fan CelebrationAnother severe impact risk associated withsports championship games involves fancelebrations that occur when a city sportsteam wins a championship at home. In thiscase, the traffic management team chargedwith managing travel during event egressmust also mitigate traffic impacts caused bynon-attendees converging on the venue siteand unruly fans disrupting traffic and pedestrianflow.For instance, the Detroit Red Wings won the2002 Stanley Cup in Detroit. Operatingfrom past experience, the Michigan StatePolice began closing portions of Interstate75 and the Lodge Freeway (State Route 10)leading to downtown Detroit and the eventvenue. This contingency plan went into effectat the start of the final period of playwith Detroit leading the championshipclinching game. (2) Contingency plan detailswere even posted in advance on Red Wings’fan websites. Located approximately 16miles north of the event venue, Royal Oakpolice and city officials maintained road closurecontingency plans to accommodate thethousands of fans that went to the popularclubs and bars to celebrate the home teamwin. (3)Event Patron ViolenceAn outbreak of violence among event patronswarrants special security precautionsto contain and capture potential suspects.Law enforcement may initiate a road closureas a first response to discourage people fromentering and leaving the region where theviolence took place.During the 2002 Laughlin, NV River Runmotorcycle rally, attended by tens of thousandsof motorcycle enthusiasts, a multiplehomicide occurred after a clash between rivalmotorcycle gangs. In an effort to capturethe homicide suspects, Nevada officialsclosed all highways and arterials servingLaughlin, including Nevada State Route 163at the Nevada/Arizona border as shown inFigure 5-2. Trucks traveling U.S. 93, aNorth American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) designated trucking corridor,traverse State Route 163 because of prohibitionson crossing the Hoover Dam. Law enforcementmaintained the road closures for afew hours. (4) A possible traffic managementcontingency plan prepared in advance of thedescribed security incident would specify aregional alternate route plan coupled withregional traveler information.Figure 5-2Nevada State Route 168 Closure DuringMotorcycle Rally (Photo courtesy of theLaughlin Free Press)Performance Goals and ObjectivesThe goals of managing travel for plannedspecial events include achieving predictability,ensuring safety, and maximizing efficiency.Table 5-4 states performance objectives,for the previously defined classes oftransportation system users, applicable tosatisfying the overall goal of operations efficiencyand safety. In meeting these performanceobjectives, the event planningteam must target the goal of achieving predictabilityduring the event operations planningphase. Table 5-5 presents common,easy-to-measure measures of effectivenessfor assessing the performance5EVENT PROFILE POST-EVENT ACTIVITIES DAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PLANNINGOVERVIEW5-7
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MANAGING TRAVEL FORPLANNED SPECIAL
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Technical Report Documentation Page
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION......
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Available Resources ...............
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Stakeholder Roles and Coordination
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APPENDIX L - PUBLIC AGENCY AND EVEN
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Table 3-30 Crash Prevention Tactics
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Table 8-4 Day-of-Event Personnel Re
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure i-1 Planned S
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Figure 6-58 Portable Lighting .....
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BACKGROUNDPlanned special events po
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includes forming multidisciplinary
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congestion is considered either rec
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GOALS OF MANAGINGTRAVEL FOR PLANNED
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Public agencies can enhance the ima
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• 73 percent of surveyed metropol
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Table 1-8Planned Special Event Mana
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SPECIAL EVENTMANAGEMENTPHASEProgram
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Board, Washington, D.C., January12
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characteristics and how these chara
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a spur-of-the-moment decision to at
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Discrete/Recurring Event at a Perma
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Arrowhead PondRed Wings vs. Mighty
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TRAVELDEMANDROAD/SITECAPACITYAVAILA
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transportation impact criteria: (1)
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Figure 2-6Wisconsin TIME program Sp
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INTEGRATIONOversightTeamEvent Plann
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THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK2-18
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developing and implementing solutio
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Stakeholder Roles andCoordinationTh
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A local or county department of pub
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management strategies. For example,
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modate planned special events. This
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events. In turn, post-event activit
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at the beginning of the event opera
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• Notice of event for affected pr
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• Links between process steps are
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the event operations planning phase
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Table 3-14 summarizes four types of
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Unlike other traffic generators suc
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Identify On-SiteParking Area(s)Park
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Table 3-18Tools for Mitigating Plan
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pick-up/drop-off area, during ingre
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ELEMENTEvent patronparking areasTab
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(2) provide a defined passenger wai
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Table 3-25Tactics for Accommodating
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and/or downstream lane closures tha
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The key to maximizing capacity invo
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or variable message signs. CMSs are
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tion reports from various remote lo
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Transit ServiceModifications to exi
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ELEMENTCommand postoperationOperati
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fail. Both the tabletop and full-sc
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Page 112 and 113: Table 3-39Communications Structure
Page 114 and 115: of a detailed evaluation report. Qu
Page 116 and 117: Sample questions for possible inclu
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Page 120 and 121: tions or a single municipality, res
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Page 127 and 128: • Identification of funding sourc
Page 129 and 130: PHASEProgramPlanningEventOperations
Page 131 and 132: permit when the event organizer mee
Page 133 and 134: Table 4-4Planned Special Event Perm
Page 135 and 136: LOCATIONAnaheim, CAMenlo Park,CAMin
Page 137 and 138: egion. Appendix A contains Washingt
Page 139 and 140: Table 4-8 (cont’d.)Planned Specia
Page 141 and 142: Table 4-9 (cont’d.)Planned Specia
Page 143 and 144: Table 4-12Planned Special Event Per
Page 145 and 146: Table 4-15Planned Special Event Tec
Page 147 and 148: ITEM FUNCTIONS DEPLOYMENT APPLICATI
Page 149 and 150: clude: (1) remote modification of t
Page 151 and 152: agement. Not all of these are a sin
Page 153 and 154: 9. Descriptions of tiers from mater
Page 155 and 156: CHAPTER FIVEEVENT OPERATIONS PLANNI
Page 157 and 158: work and schedule. The framework in
Page 159: Interagency CoordinationIn establis
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Page 165 and 166: new and different stadium user with
Page 167 and 168: • The City also makes available g
Page 169 and 170: Table 5-8 summarizes four types of
Page 171 and 172: STEP SIXMITIGATION OF IMPACTSTraffi
Page 173 and 174: Table 5-11Feasibility Study Data Re
Page 175 and 176: Table 5-12Example Modal Split for D
Page 177 and 178: Table 5-14Example Planned Special E
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Page 181 and 182: Parking Demand AnalysisA parking de
Page 183 and 184: Figure 5-11Designated Event Off-Sit
Page 185 and 186: • The first approach pertains to
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Page 189 and 190: 5OVERVIEWFigure 5-16Site and Pedest
Page 191 and 192: Table 5-19External Factors Consider
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER SIXTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN6
Page 195 and 196: • Express service (e.g., new rout
Page 197 and 198: 6DAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PL
Page 199 and 200: VENUEPickup /Drop-offWalkSITE AREAR
Page 201 and 202: special events. This checklist incl
Page 203 and 204: alternatives may exist, each will n
Page 205 and 206: Lot AssignmentThe objectives of lot
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Page 209 and 210: Table 6-7Key Findings from Saint Pa
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tern of ingress and egress to achie
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Any planned special event parking a
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• Park vehicles at the same rate
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lot(s) conflicts with heavy adjacen
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Figure 6-16Annotated Aerial Map of
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trols for pedestrian protection and
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Use of a temporary pedestrian bridg
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ordinate with the event planning te
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ManagementFigure 6-28On-Site Shuttl
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the impact to neighborhoods surroun
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• On the day-of-event, the manage
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An alternate route plan represents
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Figure 6-33Background Traffic Diver
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Arterial-to-Arterial DiversionArter
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modation tactic that the traffic ma
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Transportation system management ty
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prove interchange capacity and oper
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6OVERVIEWFigure 6-39Temporary Elimi
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efore they enter an alternative lan
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Table 6-36Portable Traffic Manageme
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Advance traffic signal operations p
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EN-ROUTE TRAVELERINFORMATION PLANOv
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or venue access route. These are te
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forces affect the signal, such as w
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now be accessed en-route via cellul
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Subscription ServicesA number of pr
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• Wireless communications (It sho
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unlit freeway interchanges or arter
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Traffic Incident Quick ClearanceIni
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16. Dudek, C.L., Guidelines forChan
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CHAPTER SEVENTRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEME
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Demand Management StrategiesSuccess
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Figure 7-2High Occupancy Vehicle In
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fore. The website suggested that ev
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during the games. The predominant c
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• Patronage Potential - The speci
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may exceed an hour. Patrons who use
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• Recommended event ingress and e
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planned special event impacts opera
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planned special event and related t
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Appendix M contains an example of a
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CHAPTER EIGHTIMPLEMENTATION ACTIVIT
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The implementation plan communicate
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ELEMENTLocationspecifictrafficand p
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ers be used to: (1) watch what happ
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Communication from the TMC to vario
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Volunteer RecruitmentPrior to initi
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CHAPTER NINEDAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES
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stakeholders comprising the traffic
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operations planning phase, the ICS
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Table 9-3Traffic Management PlanEva
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formation to a dispatcher who, in t
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seek out other sources. The media m
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Traffic Management SupportIn a traf
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Table 9-13Performance Evaluation Me
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CHAPTER TENPOST-EVENT ACTIVITIES10O
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Table 10-1Key Post-Event Activities
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ing events, slight changes in circu
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inaccurate, it will become clear th
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ics of interest to all participants
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spectives are noted during the debr
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CHAPTER ELEVENDISCRETE/RECURRING EV
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peak pedestrian and traffic departu
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STEPNO. PAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-22
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sive express bus service between ar
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POST-EVENTACTIVITIESSince a discret
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market an express bus service for a
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CHAPTER TWELVECONTINUOUS EVENT12OVE
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EVENT OPERATIONSPLANNINGBecause of
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NO.STEPPAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-225
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Table 12-4Checklist of Implementati
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Some distinguishing considerations
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CHAPTER THIRTEENSTREET USE EVENT13O
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EVENT OPERATIONSPLANNINGSince stree
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STEPNO. PAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-22
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may not regularly take place in the
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HANDBOOKPAGETable 13-5Checklist of
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• A planned special event permit
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CHAPTER FOURTEENREGIONAL/MULTI-VENU
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several vantage points (e.g., parks
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Table 14-3Event Operations Planning
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Table 14-4 presents a checklist ofi
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• With regard to regional/multi-v
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CHAPTER FIFTEENRURAL EVENT15OVERVIE
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ies by event, as some rural events
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STEPNO. PAGETable 15-3Event Operati
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Table 15-4Checklist of Implementati
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Some distinguishing considerations
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should focus on equipment and techn
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APPENDIX ASAMPLE SPECIAL EVENT PERM
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VIRGINIA BEACH, VA: PERMIT APPLICAT
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A-5
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EVANSTON, IL: SPECIAL EVENT HOLD HA
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD: SPECIAL EVEN
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A-11
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APPENDIX BEVENT-ORIENTED RISK SCENA
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APPENDIX CINTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS FO
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APPENDIX D2003 FAIR SAINT LOUIS EVE
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APPENDIX FPARKING AND PEDESTRIAN AC
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APPENDIX GWISCONSIN DOT ORGANIZATIO
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G-3
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BRISTOL (TN) MOTOR SPEEDWAYSource:
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PALACE OF AUBURN HILLS (MI)PARKING
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TALLADEGA (AL) SUPERSPEEDWAYNote:
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NASCAR DAYTONA 500Source: www.dayto
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MICHIGAN INTERNATIONAL SPEEDWAYSour
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MARTINSVILLE (VA) SPEEDWAYSource: w
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APPENDIX KEXAMPLE TRAFFIC CONTROL P
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FREEWAY SIGNING PLANNASCAR BRICKYAR
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EQUIPMENT LOCATION PLANSYDNEY, AUST
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Source: www.ci.daytona-beach.fl.us/
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SEATTLE CENTERSEATTLE, WASource: ww
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RICHMOND INTERNATIONAL RACEWAYRICHM
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PNC PARKPITTSBURGH, PASource: pirat
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M-2
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FORD FIELDDETROIT, MIM-4
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APPENDIX NSAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION PLA
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N-3
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N-5
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