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managing travel for planned special events - FHWA Operations ...

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CHAPTER ONEBACKGROUND1OVERVIEWDEFINITIONA <strong>planned</strong> <strong>special</strong> event is a public activity,with a scheduled time and location, that impactsnormal transportation system operationsas a result of increased <strong>travel</strong> demandand/or reduced capacity attributed to <strong>events</strong>taging.STATEMENT OF THEPROBLEMSources of CongestionFigure 1-1Planned Special Event Patron ArrivalThe public has become increasingly sensitiveto the impact congestion has on qualityof life, citing delays caused by traffic congestionas their top community transportationconcern in a recent National survey. (1)Congestion equates to decreased per<strong>for</strong>manceand, in turn, economic loss <strong>for</strong> businessesand trucking companies. Congestioneither causes late deliveries or <strong>for</strong>ces truckersto build additional <strong>travel</strong> time into theiritineraries, particularly when making just-intimedeliveries.Congestion simply refers to a conditionwhere traffic demand exceeds roadway capacity.Capacity measures potential or themaximum, sustainable rate of traffic volumethat can traverse a road segment. Congestionresults from sudden, significant changesin (1) traffic demand or (2) available roadwaycapacity, both of which cause demandto exceed capacity. When this occurs, theDAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PLANNINGPOST-EVENT ACTIVITIESEVENT PROFILE1-1

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