managing travel for planned special events - FHWA Operations ...

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Table 5-15 indicates traffic arrival rates andtime of peak arrival for select discrete/recurringevents at a permanent venueand continuous events. Time of arrival dependson audience accommodation (e.g.,general admission or reserved seating)and/or the nature of pre-event activities.Such activities include tailgating or practices.Figure 5-8 illustrates NASCAR preracepreparations that attract a significantnumber of event patrons well before theevent start.As illustrated in Table 5-15, the traffic arrivalrate for sporting games and concertspeaks within one hour of the event start.Due to high traffic arrival concentration,practitioners may consider estimating a peak15-minute traffic arrival rate and associatedpeak hour factor for roadway capacityanalysis. With regard to continuous events,peak traffic arrival rate generally occursimmediately prior to the event start. Sinceevent patrons do not place a high priority onmeeting a continuous event start time, theconcentration of continuous event arrivals isrelatively low compared to other event categories.The peak level of event-generatedtraffic demand may occur during the middleof a continuous event operating period whenboth event arrival and departure traffic traversethe roadway system as patrons comeand go from the event.Practitioners may use event patron travelsurveys in addition to historical eventgeneratedtraffic volume and/or parking occupancycounts to estimate the traffic arrivalrate and peak time of occurrence. It shouldbe noted that weather conditions, particularlyfor continuous events and street useevents, may significantly skew data. Thus,practitioners must exercise great care whendeveloping future event estimates from historicaldata.Table 5-15Example Planned Special Event Traffic Arrival Rate CharacteristicsEVENT SITE PEAK TRAFFICEVENTATTENDANCESTART OPEN FLOW OCCURRENCEDiscrete/Recurring Event at a Permanent Venue2001 NASCAR Kansas 400 (20) 100,000+ 12:00 P.M. 6:00 A.M. 8:00 A.M.2+ hours 1 hour before first pitchAnaheim Angels weeknight18,197baseball game – July 1997 (15) Evening before first (82% of arrivals – 29%(capacity 37,000)pitch peak 15 minutes)Cleveland Indians Saturdaybaseball game – July 1997 (15) 43,070(capacity 43,368)New York Mets weeknightbaseball game – June 1997 (15) 18,000(capacity 56,500)AfternoonEveningContinuous Event2+ hoursbefore firstpitch2+ hoursbefore firstpitchLouisiana World Exposition inNew Orleans – weekday August1984 (21) 35,700 10:00 A.M. --Louisiana World Exposition inNew Orleans – Saturday in August Unknown 10:00 A.M. --1984 (21)1 hour before first pitch(67% of arrivals – 19%peak 15 minutes)1 hour before first pitch(62% of arrivals – 16%peak 15 minutes)31% of event patrons arrivedby 11:00 A.M.29% of event patrons arrivedby 11:00 A.M.5-24
not offer advance ticket sales typically requirea market analysis based on travel timeor distance and referencing area populationdistribution.5Figure 5-8Pre-Event ActivityMarket Area AnalysisA market area analysis identifies the originand destination of trips to and from aplanned special event. The analysis focuseson developing a regional directional distributionof event patron trips to/from an eventsite via personal automobile. The site refersto the collective parking areas serving thevenue. A regional directional distributionspecifies: (1) the freeway and arterial corridorsserving the venue site and (2) the percentsplit and volume of event-generatedautomobile trips traversing each corridor.Appendix E contains a regional directionaldistribution prepared for the NASCAR Kansas400 race. (20)Table 5-16 summarizes three analysis methodsused to define a planned special eventmarket area.Travel Time and Distance AnalysisPractitioners can apply a travel time analysisor distance analysis to estimate the marketarea for any planned special event. Continuousevents or street use events that doFigure 5-9 illustrates an example travel timeanalysis for a downtown Chicago lakefrontfireworks display. A geographic informationsystem or other mapping software toolcan create travel time zones, as shown in thefigure, based on user-defined thresholds.Multiple travel time zones allow users toperform a weighted analysis of populationdistribution. Practitioners should categorizearea population within each travel time zoneby zip code or, for a 15 minute threshold orless, by census tract. Most geographic informationsystems and computer mappingtools generate spreadsheets identifying allspatial population categories within eachtravel time zone. Using the spreadsheet,practitioners can assign a freeway or arterialcorridor, serving the event venue site, toeach defined population category. Thepopulation distribution among roadway systemcorridors constitutes the regional directionaldistribution for the planned specialevent. Practitioners can also incorporateCensus socioeconomic data into an analysisas necessary.The described travel time analysis methodologyapplies to a distance analysis as well.Instead of travel time thresholds, users definedistance thresholds. Practitionersshould exercise care in developing a plannedspecial event market area by travel time orabsolute distance to the event venue site:• In the case of continuous events orstreet use events, the market areamust incorporate only the communityor region the event is staged for.EVENT PROFILE POST-EVENT ACTIVITIES DAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PLANNINGOVERVIEW5-25
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MANAGING TRAVEL FORPLANNED SPECIAL
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Technical Report Documentation Page
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION......
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Available Resources ...............
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Stakeholder Roles and Coordination
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APPENDIX L - PUBLIC AGENCY AND EVEN
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Table 3-30 Crash Prevention Tactics
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Table 8-4 Day-of-Event Personnel Re
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure i-1 Planned S
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Figure 6-58 Portable Lighting .....
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BACKGROUNDPlanned special events po
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includes forming multidisciplinary
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congestion is considered either rec
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GOALS OF MANAGINGTRAVEL FOR PLANNED
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Public agencies can enhance the ima
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• 73 percent of surveyed metropol
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Table 1-8Planned Special Event Mana
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SPECIAL EVENTMANAGEMENTPHASEProgram
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Board, Washington, D.C., January12
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characteristics and how these chara
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a spur-of-the-moment decision to at
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Discrete/Recurring Event at a Perma
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Arrowhead PondRed Wings vs. Mighty
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TRAVELDEMANDROAD/SITECAPACITYAVAILA
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transportation impact criteria: (1)
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Figure 2-6Wisconsin TIME program Sp
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INTEGRATIONOversightTeamEvent Plann
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developing and implementing solutio
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Stakeholder Roles andCoordinationTh
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A local or county department of pub
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management strategies. For example,
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modate planned special events. This
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events. In turn, post-event activit
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at the beginning of the event opera
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• Notice of event for affected pr
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• Links between process steps are
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the event operations planning phase
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Table 3-14 summarizes four types of
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Unlike other traffic generators suc
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Identify On-SiteParking Area(s)Park
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Table 3-18Tools for Mitigating Plan
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pick-up/drop-off area, during ingre
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ELEMENTEvent patronparking areasTab
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(2) provide a defined passenger wai
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Table 3-25Tactics for Accommodating
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and/or downstream lane closures tha
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The key to maximizing capacity invo
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or variable message signs. CMSs are
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tion reports from various remote lo
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Transit ServiceModifications to exi
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ELEMENTCommand postoperationOperati
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fail. Both the tabletop and full-sc
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tion to performance evaluation data
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Table 3-39Communications Structure
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of a detailed evaluation report. Qu
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Sample questions for possible inclu
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THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK3-60
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tions or a single municipality, res
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events and annual fairs, or major e
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sidered the resources. These resour
Page 127 and 128: • Identification of funding sourc
Page 129 and 130: PHASEProgramPlanningEventOperations
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Page 133 and 134: Table 4-4Planned Special Event Perm
Page 135 and 136: LOCATIONAnaheim, CAMenlo Park,CAMin
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Page 139 and 140: Table 4-8 (cont’d.)Planned Specia
Page 141 and 142: Table 4-9 (cont’d.)Planned Specia
Page 143 and 144: Table 4-12Planned Special Event Per
Page 145 and 146: Table 4-15Planned Special Event Tec
Page 147 and 148: ITEM FUNCTIONS DEPLOYMENT APPLICATI
Page 149 and 150: clude: (1) remote modification of t
Page 151 and 152: agement. Not all of these are a sin
Page 153 and 154: 9. Descriptions of tiers from mater
Page 155 and 156: CHAPTER FIVEEVENT OPERATIONS PLANNI
Page 157 and 158: work and schedule. The framework in
Page 159 and 160: Interagency CoordinationIn establis
Page 161 and 162: Fan CelebrationAnother severe impac
Page 163 and 164: process when forecasted traffic dem
Page 165 and 166: new and different stadium user with
Page 167 and 168: • The City also makes available g
Page 169 and 170: Table 5-8 summarizes four types of
Page 171 and 172: STEP SIXMITIGATION OF IMPACTSTraffi
Page 173 and 174: Table 5-11Feasibility Study Data Re
Page 175 and 176: Table 5-12Example Modal Split for D
Page 177: Table 5-14Example Planned Special E
Page 181 and 182: Parking Demand AnalysisA parking de
Page 183 and 184: Figure 5-11Designated Event Off-Sit
Page 185 and 186: • The first approach pertains to
Page 187 and 188: detail impact mitigation strategies
Page 189 and 190: 5OVERVIEWFigure 5-16Site and Pedest
Page 191 and 192: Table 5-19External Factors Consider
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER SIXTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN6
Page 195 and 196: • Express service (e.g., new rout
Page 197 and 198: 6DAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PL
Page 199 and 200: VENUEPickup /Drop-offWalkSITE AREAR
Page 201 and 202: special events. This checklist incl
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Page 205 and 206: Lot AssignmentThe objectives of lot
Page 207 and 208: parking garage. The lack of such pe
Page 209 and 210: Table 6-7Key Findings from Saint Pa
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Page 213 and 214: Any planned special event parking a
Page 215 and 216: • Park vehicles at the same rate
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Page 219 and 220: Figure 6-16Annotated Aerial Map of
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Page 223 and 224: Use of a temporary pedestrian bridg
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Page 227 and 228: ManagementFigure 6-28On-Site Shuttl
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the impact to neighborhoods surroun
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• On the day-of-event, the manage
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An alternate route plan represents
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Figure 6-33Background Traffic Diver
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Arterial-to-Arterial DiversionArter
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modation tactic that the traffic ma
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Transportation system management ty
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prove interchange capacity and oper
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6OVERVIEWFigure 6-39Temporary Elimi
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efore they enter an alternative lan
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Table 6-36Portable Traffic Manageme
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Advance traffic signal operations p
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EN-ROUTE TRAVELERINFORMATION PLANOv
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or venue access route. These are te
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forces affect the signal, such as w
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now be accessed en-route via cellul
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Subscription ServicesA number of pr
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• Wireless communications (It sho
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unlit freeway interchanges or arter
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Traffic Incident Quick ClearanceIni
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16. Dudek, C.L., Guidelines forChan
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CHAPTER SEVENTRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEME
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Demand Management StrategiesSuccess
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Figure 7-2High Occupancy Vehicle In
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fore. The website suggested that ev
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during the games. The predominant c
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• Patronage Potential - The speci
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may exceed an hour. Patrons who use
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• Recommended event ingress and e
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planned special event impacts opera
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planned special event and related t
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Appendix M contains an example of a
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CHAPTER EIGHTIMPLEMENTATION ACTIVIT
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The implementation plan communicate
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ELEMENTLocationspecifictrafficand p
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ers be used to: (1) watch what happ
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Communication from the TMC to vario
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Volunteer RecruitmentPrior to initi
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CHAPTER NINEDAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES
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stakeholders comprising the traffic
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operations planning phase, the ICS
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Table 9-3Traffic Management PlanEva
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formation to a dispatcher who, in t
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seek out other sources. The media m
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Traffic Management SupportIn a traf
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Table 9-13Performance Evaluation Me
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CHAPTER TENPOST-EVENT ACTIVITIES10O
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Table 10-1Key Post-Event Activities
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ing events, slight changes in circu
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inaccurate, it will become clear th
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ics of interest to all participants
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spectives are noted during the debr
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CHAPTER ELEVENDISCRETE/RECURRING EV
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peak pedestrian and traffic departu
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STEPNO. PAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-22
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sive express bus service between ar
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POST-EVENTACTIVITIESSince a discret
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market an express bus service for a
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CHAPTER TWELVECONTINUOUS EVENT12OVE
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EVENT OPERATIONSPLANNINGBecause of
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NO.STEPPAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-225
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Table 12-4Checklist of Implementati
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Some distinguishing considerations
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CHAPTER THIRTEENSTREET USE EVENT13O
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EVENT OPERATIONSPLANNINGSince stree
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STEPNO. PAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-22
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may not regularly take place in the
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HANDBOOKPAGETable 13-5Checklist of
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• A planned special event permit
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CHAPTER FOURTEENREGIONAL/MULTI-VENU
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several vantage points (e.g., parks
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Table 14-3Event Operations Planning
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Table 14-4 presents a checklist ofi
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• With regard to regional/multi-v
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CHAPTER FIFTEENRURAL EVENT15OVERVIE
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ies by event, as some rural events
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STEPNO. PAGETable 15-3Event Operati
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Table 15-4Checklist of Implementati
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Some distinguishing considerations
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should focus on equipment and techn
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APPENDIX ASAMPLE SPECIAL EVENT PERM
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VIRGINIA BEACH, VA: PERMIT APPLICAT
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A-5
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EVANSTON, IL: SPECIAL EVENT HOLD HA
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD: SPECIAL EVEN
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A-11
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APPENDIX BEVENT-ORIENTED RISK SCENA
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APPENDIX CINTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS FO
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APPENDIX D2003 FAIR SAINT LOUIS EVE
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APPENDIX FPARKING AND PEDESTRIAN AC
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APPENDIX GWISCONSIN DOT ORGANIZATIO
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G-3
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BRISTOL (TN) MOTOR SPEEDWAYSource:
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PALACE OF AUBURN HILLS (MI)PARKING
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TALLADEGA (AL) SUPERSPEEDWAYNote:
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NASCAR DAYTONA 500Source: www.dayto
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MICHIGAN INTERNATIONAL SPEEDWAYSour
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MARTINSVILLE (VA) SPEEDWAYSource: w
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APPENDIX KEXAMPLE TRAFFIC CONTROL P
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FREEWAY SIGNING PLANNASCAR BRICKYAR
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EQUIPMENT LOCATION PLANSYDNEY, AUST
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Source: www.ci.daytona-beach.fl.us/
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SEATTLE CENTERSEATTLE, WASource: ww
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RICHMOND INTERNATIONAL RACEWAYRICHM
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PNC PARKPITTSBURGH, PASource: pirat
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M-2
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FORD FIELDDETROIT, MIM-4
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APPENDIX NSAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION PLA
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N-3
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N-5
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