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characteristics and how these characteristicsaffect transportation operations. In turn,practitioners can classify the planned specialevent in order to draw comparisons betweenthe subject event and similar historicalevents to shape travel forecasts and gaugetransportation impacts.Figure 2-2 shows typical operational characteristicsof a planned special event. Eachcharacteristic represents a variable thatgreatly influences the scope of event operationand its potential impact on the transportationsystem. These variables include:• Event time of occurrence defines thetime of day(s) the event is open for business,a key variable when comparingevent-generated traffic to backgroundtraffic.o For example, weekday events mayface constraints on roadway, transit,and parking capacity because ofcommuter travel.Event Timeand Duration• Specific start time• Predictable ending time• Continuous operation• Multiple start timesAreaType•Urban•Metro•RuralEventLocation• Single venue• Multiple venues• Fixed venue• Temporary venue•Park• StreetsExpectedAttendanceEventOperationCharacteristicsEvent Timeof Occurrence• Night/day• Weekdays/weekend• Single day• Multiple days• Multiple weeks• Tourist seasonAudienceAccommodationEventMarket AreaEventType• Sports/concert• Fair/festival• Parade/race• Convention•Free/cost• Ticket/ticketless• General admission• Reserved seating•Local•Regional• Statewide• NationalFigure 2-2Event Operation Characteristics2-2
• Event time and duration defineswhether the event features a specificmain event start time, likely to condenseevent patron arrival, or operates continuouslythroughout the day where patronsmay freely come and go.• Event location defines the characteristicsof the venue(s) location and connectionto the existing transportation infrastructure.o Typically, fixed venues, such as stadiumsor arenas, feature highcapacityparking areas adjacent tothe venue and good access to/fromadjacent freeways and principal arterialstreets.o Temporary venues may lack thesefeatures, thus requiring the developmentof a detailed site access andparking plan.• Area type defines the scope of availabletransportation services, the characteristicsof background traffic traversing thearea, and the various stakeholders thatmay become involved in event planningand management. These characteristicsinfluence the event operations planningprocess and day-of-event travel management,yet significantly vary acrossrural, urban, and metropolitan areas.• Event market area defines the areafrom where event patrons originate andthe scope of event exposure.o For example, the Summerfest musicfestival in downtown Milwaukeedrew over one million in attendanceover eleven days in 2002. Demographicsurveys indicated 56 percentof Summerfest patrons lived in thefour counties comprising the greatermetropolitan Milwaukee area, 22percent of patrons lived in other areasof Wisconsin, and 22 percent ofpatrons lived outside Wisconsin. (1)The event clearly had a regional/statewidemarket area.o Political conventions or major industryexhibitions feature a nationalscope where the majority of attendeesdo not reside in the host city.• Expected attendance defines the maximum,estimated number of event patrons.o Attendance estimates may includethe anticipated number of VIPs, advanceticket holders, patrons with anassigned parking pass, and patronsrequiring special assistance.o With regard to sporting events, keycomponents in estimating attendanceinvolve home team performance andvisiting team attraction.o Games involving high-profile visitingteams or performers may sell-outfar in advance of the event, allowingstakeholders sufficient notice to takeappropriate measures.o Attendance impacts traffic operationsin the immediate vicinity of theevent venue depending on the accessand parking capacity furnished at thevenue.• Audience accommodation defines thepotential to predict the number and originsof event-generated trips in additionto the type of trip patrons may make tothe venue.o Attendance at free events is hard topredict and may vary considerablybased on weather conditions andother factors on the day-of-event.o Events featuring advance ticket salesand reserved seating may decreasethe number of event patrons making2EVENT PROFILE POST-EVENT ACTIVITIES DAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PLANNINGOVERVIEW2-3
Page 1 and 2: MANAGING TRAVEL FORPLANNED SPECIAL
Page 3: Technical Report Documentation Page
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION......
Page 8 and 9: Available Resources ...............
Page 10 and 11: Stakeholder Roles and Coordination
Page 12 and 13: APPENDIX L - PUBLIC AGENCY AND EVEN
Page 14 and 15: Table 3-30 Crash Prevention Tactics
Page 16 and 17: Table 8-4 Day-of-Event Personnel Re
Page 18 and 19: LIST OF FIGURESFigure i-1 Planned S
Page 20 and 21: Figure 6-58 Portable Lighting .....
Page 22 and 23: BACKGROUNDPlanned special events po
Page 24 and 25: includes forming multidisciplinary
Page 26 and 27: THIS PAGE LEFT BLANKi-6
Page 28 and 29: congestion is considered either rec
Page 30 and 31: GOALS OF MANAGINGTRAVEL FOR PLANNED
Page 32 and 33: Public agencies can enhance the ima
Page 34 and 35: • 73 percent of surveyed metropol
Page 36 and 37: Table 1-8Planned Special Event Mana
Page 38 and 39: SPECIAL EVENTMANAGEMENTPHASEProgram
Page 40 and 41: Board, Washington, D.C., January12
Page 44 and 45: a spur-of-the-moment decision to at
Page 46 and 47: Discrete/Recurring Event at a Perma
Page 48 and 49: Arrowhead PondRed Wings vs. Mighty
Page 50 and 51: TRAVELDEMANDROAD/SITECAPACITYAVAILA
Page 52 and 53: transportation impact criteria: (1)
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2-6Wisconsin TIME program Sp
Page 56 and 57: INTEGRATIONOversightTeamEvent Plann
Page 58 and 59: THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK2-18
Page 60 and 61: developing and implementing solutio
Page 62 and 63: Stakeholder Roles andCoordinationTh
Page 64 and 65: A local or county department of pub
Page 66 and 67: management strategies. For example,
Page 68 and 69: modate planned special events. This
Page 70 and 71: events. In turn, post-event activit
Page 72 and 73: at the beginning of the event opera
Page 74 and 75: • Notice of event for affected pr
Page 76 and 77: • Links between process steps are
Page 78 and 79: the event operations planning phase
Page 80 and 81: Table 3-14 summarizes four types of
Page 82 and 83: Unlike other traffic generators suc
Page 84 and 85: Identify On-SiteParking Area(s)Park
Page 86 and 87: Table 3-18Tools for Mitigating Plan
Page 88 and 89: pick-up/drop-off area, during ingre
Page 90 and 91: ELEMENTEvent patronparking areasTab
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(2) provide a defined passenger wai
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Table 3-25Tactics for Accommodating
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and/or downstream lane closures tha
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The key to maximizing capacity invo
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or variable message signs. CMSs are
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tion reports from various remote lo
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Transit ServiceModifications to exi
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ELEMENTCommand postoperationOperati
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fail. Both the tabletop and full-sc
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tion to performance evaluation data
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Table 3-39Communications Structure
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of a detailed evaluation report. Qu
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Sample questions for possible inclu
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THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK3-60
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tions or a single municipality, res
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events and annual fairs, or major e
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sidered the resources. These resour
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• Identification of funding sourc
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PHASEProgramPlanningEventOperations
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permit when the event organizer mee
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Table 4-4Planned Special Event Perm
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LOCATIONAnaheim, CAMenlo Park,CAMin
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egion. Appendix A contains Washingt
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Table 4-8 (cont’d.)Planned Specia
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Table 4-9 (cont’d.)Planned Specia
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Table 4-12Planned Special Event Per
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Table 4-15Planned Special Event Tec
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ITEM FUNCTIONS DEPLOYMENT APPLICATI
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clude: (1) remote modification of t
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agement. Not all of these are a sin
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9. Descriptions of tiers from mater
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CHAPTER FIVEEVENT OPERATIONS PLANNI
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work and schedule. The framework in
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Interagency CoordinationIn establis
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Fan CelebrationAnother severe impac
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process when forecasted traffic dem
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new and different stadium user with
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• The City also makes available g
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Table 5-8 summarizes four types of
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STEP SIXMITIGATION OF IMPACTSTraffi
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Table 5-11Feasibility Study Data Re
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Table 5-12Example Modal Split for D
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Table 5-14Example Planned Special E
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not offer advance ticket sales typi
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Parking Demand AnalysisA parking de
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Figure 5-11Designated Event Off-Sit
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• The first approach pertains to
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detail impact mitigation strategies
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5OVERVIEWFigure 5-16Site and Pedest
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Table 5-19External Factors Consider
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CHAPTER SIXTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN6
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• Express service (e.g., new rout
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6DAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PL
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VENUEPickup /Drop-offWalkSITE AREAR
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special events. This checklist incl
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alternatives may exist, each will n
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Lot AssignmentThe objectives of lot
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parking garage. The lack of such pe
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Table 6-7Key Findings from Saint Pa
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tern of ingress and egress to achie
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Any planned special event parking a
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• Park vehicles at the same rate
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lot(s) conflicts with heavy adjacen
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Figure 6-16Annotated Aerial Map of
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trols for pedestrian protection and
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Use of a temporary pedestrian bridg
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ordinate with the event planning te
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ManagementFigure 6-28On-Site Shuttl
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the impact to neighborhoods surroun
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• On the day-of-event, the manage
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An alternate route plan represents
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Figure 6-33Background Traffic Diver
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Arterial-to-Arterial DiversionArter
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modation tactic that the traffic ma
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Transportation system management ty
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prove interchange capacity and oper
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6OVERVIEWFigure 6-39Temporary Elimi
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efore they enter an alternative lan
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Table 6-36Portable Traffic Manageme
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Advance traffic signal operations p
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EN-ROUTE TRAVELERINFORMATION PLANOv
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or venue access route. These are te
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forces affect the signal, such as w
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now be accessed en-route via cellul
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Subscription ServicesA number of pr
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• Wireless communications (It sho
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unlit freeway interchanges or arter
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Traffic Incident Quick ClearanceIni
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16. Dudek, C.L., Guidelines forChan
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CHAPTER SEVENTRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEME
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Demand Management StrategiesSuccess
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Figure 7-2High Occupancy Vehicle In
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fore. The website suggested that ev
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during the games. The predominant c
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• Patronage Potential - The speci
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may exceed an hour. Patrons who use
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• Recommended event ingress and e
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planned special event impacts opera
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planned special event and related t
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Appendix M contains an example of a
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CHAPTER EIGHTIMPLEMENTATION ACTIVIT
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The implementation plan communicate
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ELEMENTLocationspecifictrafficand p
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ers be used to: (1) watch what happ
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Communication from the TMC to vario
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Volunteer RecruitmentPrior to initi
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CHAPTER NINEDAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES
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stakeholders comprising the traffic
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operations planning phase, the ICS
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Table 9-3Traffic Management PlanEva
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formation to a dispatcher who, in t
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seek out other sources. The media m
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Traffic Management SupportIn a traf
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Table 9-13Performance Evaluation Me
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CHAPTER TENPOST-EVENT ACTIVITIES10O
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Table 10-1Key Post-Event Activities
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ing events, slight changes in circu
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inaccurate, it will become clear th
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ics of interest to all participants
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spectives are noted during the debr
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CHAPTER ELEVENDISCRETE/RECURRING EV
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peak pedestrian and traffic departu
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STEPNO. PAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-22
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sive express bus service between ar
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POST-EVENTACTIVITIESSince a discret
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market an express bus service for a
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CHAPTER TWELVECONTINUOUS EVENT12OVE
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EVENT OPERATIONSPLANNINGBecause of
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NO.STEPPAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-225
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Table 12-4Checklist of Implementati
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Some distinguishing considerations
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CHAPTER THIRTEENSTREET USE EVENT13O
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EVENT OPERATIONSPLANNINGSince stree
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STEPNO. PAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-22
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may not regularly take place in the
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HANDBOOKPAGETable 13-5Checklist of
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• A planned special event permit
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CHAPTER FOURTEENREGIONAL/MULTI-VENU
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several vantage points (e.g., parks
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Table 14-3Event Operations Planning
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Table 14-4 presents a checklist ofi
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• With regard to regional/multi-v
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CHAPTER FIFTEENRURAL EVENT15OVERVIE
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ies by event, as some rural events
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STEPNO. PAGETable 15-3Event Operati
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Table 15-4Checklist of Implementati
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Some distinguishing considerations
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should focus on equipment and techn
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APPENDIX ASAMPLE SPECIAL EVENT PERM
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VIRGINIA BEACH, VA: PERMIT APPLICAT
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A-5
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EVANSTON, IL: SPECIAL EVENT HOLD HA
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD: SPECIAL EVEN
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A-11
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APPENDIX BEVENT-ORIENTED RISK SCENA
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APPENDIX CINTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS FO
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APPENDIX D2003 FAIR SAINT LOUIS EVE
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APPENDIX FPARKING AND PEDESTRIAN AC
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APPENDIX GWISCONSIN DOT ORGANIZATIO
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G-3
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BRISTOL (TN) MOTOR SPEEDWAYSource:
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PALACE OF AUBURN HILLS (MI)PARKING
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TALLADEGA (AL) SUPERSPEEDWAYNote:
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NASCAR DAYTONA 500Source: www.dayto
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MICHIGAN INTERNATIONAL SPEEDWAYSour
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MARTINSVILLE (VA) SPEEDWAYSource: w
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APPENDIX KEXAMPLE TRAFFIC CONTROL P
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FREEWAY SIGNING PLANNASCAR BRICKYAR
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EQUIPMENT LOCATION PLANSYDNEY, AUST
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Source: www.ci.daytona-beach.fl.us/
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SEATTLE CENTERSEATTLE, WASource: ww
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RICHMOND INTERNATIONAL RACEWAYRICHM
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PNC PARKPITTSBURGH, PASource: pirat
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M-2
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FORD FIELDDETROIT, MIM-4
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APPENDIX NSAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION PLA
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N-3
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N-5
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