managing travel for planned special events - FHWA Operations ...

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a spur-of-the-moment decision to attendan event.• Event type defines the type of event thatmay be subject to special regulations andpermit requirements. The event type includesmany of the previously definedcharacteristics of planned special eventsthat influence event-generated traveldemand and level of impact on thetransportation system. Event plannersmay refer to event type when researchingimpacts on travel caused by similarevents.CategoriesThe event operation characteristics describedin the previous section create fivecategories of planned special events, listedin Table 2-1.Table 2-1Categories of Planned Special EventsSPECIAL EVENT CATEGORY• Discrete/recurring event at a permanent venue• Continuous event• Street use event• Regional/multi-venue event• Rural eventTable 2-2 contrasts some general characteristicsspecific to each defined event category.Figure 2-3 illustrates events representingfour event categories. The fifth category,regional/multi-venue event, includesany combination of the first three eventcategories listed in Table 2-1.This technical reference makes exclusivereference to the defined categories ofplanned special events when referencing orprofiling particular event types. In recognizingthe unique characteristics of each categoryof planned special event regarding tripgeneration and event impact on transportationsystem operations, many jurisdictionsacross the country have developed distinctplanning processes, policies, and regulationsspecific to particular event categories. Thebalance of this section describes each of thefive defined event categories.Discrete/Recurring Event at a PermanentVenueA discrete/recurring event at a permanentvenue occurs on a regular basis, and it has aspecific starting time and predictable endingtime. Events classified under this categoryhave predictable peak arrival and departurerates relative to other categories of plannedspecial events. These events generate highpeak travel demand rates because of patronurgency to arrive at the venue by a specificevent start time. Moreover, these events endabruptly upon game time expiration or theconclusion of a final song, which createshigh peak departure rates.Stadiums and arenas occasionally hostweeknight events that may conflict withcommuter traffic, especially if media broadcastingthe event mandates a specific starttime. For instance, a Monday Night Footballgame held in San Diego, San Francisco,Oakland, or Seattle usually begins at 6:00p.m. Pacific time to satisfy television broadcastrequirements.Continuous EventA continuous event occurs over a single ormultiple days. Unlike a discrete/recurringevent at a permanent venue, continuousevents do not exhibit sharp peak arrival andpeak departure rates. Event patrons typicallyarrive and depart throughout the eventday.Aside from conventions and state/countyfairs, many continuous events take place at atemporary venue, a park, or other large open2-4
CHARACTERISTICTable 2-2Characteristics of Different Planned Special Event CategoriesPLANNED SPECIAL EVENT CATEGORYDiscrete/Recurring Event at a Permanent VenueEvent Location • Fixed venueEvent Time of Occurrence • Single day; Night/day; Weekday/weekendEvent Time and Duration • Specific start time; Predictable ending timeArea Type • Metro; UrbanEvent Market Area • Local; Regional; Statewide; NationalExpected Audience • Known venue capacityAudience Accommodation • Cost; Ticket; Reserved seating; General admissionEvent Type • Sporting and concert events at stadiums, arenas, and amphitheaters.Continuous EventEvent Location • Temporary venue; Park; Fixed venueEvent Time of Occurrence • Single/multiple days; Weekends; Multiple weeksEvent Time and Duration • Continuous operationArea Type • Metro; UrbanEvent Market Area • Local; RegionalExpected Audience • Capacity of venue not always knownAudience Accommodation • Free/cost; Ticket/ticketless; General admissionEvent Type • Fairs; Festivals; Conventions/expos; Air/automobile showsStreet Use EventEvent Location • StreetsEvent Time of Occurrence • Single day; WeekendsEvent Time and Duration • Specific start time; Predicable ending timeArea Type • Metro; Urban; RuralEvent Market Area • Local; RegionalExpected Audience • Capacity generally not knownAudience Accommodation • Free; TicketlessEvent Type• Parades; Marathons; Bicycle races; Motorcycle rallies; Grand Prix auto races;Dignitary motorcadeRegional/Multi-Venue EventEvent Location • (Multiple) Fixed venue; Temporary venue; StreetsEvent Time of Occurrence • Single/multiple days; WeekendsEvent Time and Duration • Specific start time; Predictable ending time; Continuous operationArea Type • Metro (typically); Urban; RuralEvent Market Area • Local; Regional; Statewide; NationalExpected Audience• Overall capacity generally not known if continuous events or street use eventsinvolvedAudience Accommodation • Free/cost; Ticket/ticketlessEvent Type• Sporting games; Fireworks displays; Multiple planned special events within aregion that occur at or near the same timeRural EventEvent Location • Fixed venue; Temporary venue; ParkEvent Time of Occurrence • Single/multiple days; Weekends; Tourist seasonEvent Time and Duration • Specific start time; Predictable ending time; Continuous operationArea Type • RuralEvent Market Area • Local; RegionalExpected Audience • Capacity of venue not always knownAudience Accommodation • Free/cost; Ticket/ticketlessEvent Type • Discrete/recurring event; Continuous event2EVENT PROFILE POST-EVENT ACTIVITIES DAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PLANNINGOVERVIEW2-5
Page 1 and 2: MANAGING TRAVEL FORPLANNED SPECIAL
Page 3: Technical Report Documentation Page
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION......
Page 8 and 9: Available Resources ...............
Page 10 and 11: Stakeholder Roles and Coordination
Page 12 and 13: APPENDIX L - PUBLIC AGENCY AND EVEN
Page 14 and 15: Table 3-30 Crash Prevention Tactics
Page 16 and 17: Table 8-4 Day-of-Event Personnel Re
Page 18 and 19: LIST OF FIGURESFigure i-1 Planned S
Page 20 and 21: Figure 6-58 Portable Lighting .....
Page 22 and 23: BACKGROUNDPlanned special events po
Page 24 and 25: includes forming multidisciplinary
Page 26 and 27: THIS PAGE LEFT BLANKi-6
Page 28 and 29: congestion is considered either rec
Page 30 and 31: GOALS OF MANAGINGTRAVEL FOR PLANNED
Page 32 and 33: Public agencies can enhance the ima
Page 34 and 35: • 73 percent of surveyed metropol
Page 36 and 37: Table 1-8Planned Special Event Mana
Page 38 and 39: SPECIAL EVENTMANAGEMENTPHASEProgram
Page 40 and 41: Board, Washington, D.C., January12
Page 42 and 43: characteristics and how these chara
Page 46 and 47: Discrete/Recurring Event at a Perma
Page 48 and 49: Arrowhead PondRed Wings vs. Mighty
Page 50 and 51: TRAVELDEMANDROAD/SITECAPACITYAVAILA
Page 52 and 53: transportation impact criteria: (1)
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2-6Wisconsin TIME program Sp
Page 56 and 57: INTEGRATIONOversightTeamEvent Plann
Page 58 and 59: THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK2-18
Page 60 and 61: developing and implementing solutio
Page 62 and 63: Stakeholder Roles andCoordinationTh
Page 64 and 65: A local or county department of pub
Page 66 and 67: management strategies. For example,
Page 68 and 69: modate planned special events. This
Page 70 and 71: events. In turn, post-event activit
Page 72 and 73: at the beginning of the event opera
Page 74 and 75: • Notice of event for affected pr
Page 76 and 77: • Links between process steps are
Page 78 and 79: the event operations planning phase
Page 80 and 81: Table 3-14 summarizes four types of
Page 82 and 83: Unlike other traffic generators suc
Page 84 and 85: Identify On-SiteParking Area(s)Park
Page 86 and 87: Table 3-18Tools for Mitigating Plan
Page 88 and 89: pick-up/drop-off area, during ingre
Page 90 and 91: ELEMENTEvent patronparking areasTab
Page 92 and 93: (2) provide a defined passenger wai
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Table 3-25Tactics for Accommodating
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and/or downstream lane closures tha
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The key to maximizing capacity invo
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or variable message signs. CMSs are
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tion reports from various remote lo
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Transit ServiceModifications to exi
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ELEMENTCommand postoperationOperati
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fail. Both the tabletop and full-sc
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tion to performance evaluation data
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Table 3-39Communications Structure
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of a detailed evaluation report. Qu
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Sample questions for possible inclu
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THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK3-60
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tions or a single municipality, res
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events and annual fairs, or major e
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sidered the resources. These resour
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• Identification of funding sourc
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PHASEProgramPlanningEventOperations
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permit when the event organizer mee
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Table 4-4Planned Special Event Perm
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LOCATIONAnaheim, CAMenlo Park,CAMin
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egion. Appendix A contains Washingt
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Table 4-8 (cont’d.)Planned Specia
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Table 4-9 (cont’d.)Planned Specia
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Table 4-12Planned Special Event Per
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Table 4-15Planned Special Event Tec
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ITEM FUNCTIONS DEPLOYMENT APPLICATI
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clude: (1) remote modification of t
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agement. Not all of these are a sin
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9. Descriptions of tiers from mater
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CHAPTER FIVEEVENT OPERATIONS PLANNI
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work and schedule. The framework in
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Interagency CoordinationIn establis
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Fan CelebrationAnother severe impac
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process when forecasted traffic dem
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new and different stadium user with
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• The City also makes available g
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Table 5-8 summarizes four types of
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STEP SIXMITIGATION OF IMPACTSTraffi
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Table 5-11Feasibility Study Data Re
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Table 5-12Example Modal Split for D
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Table 5-14Example Planned Special E
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not offer advance ticket sales typi
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Parking Demand AnalysisA parking de
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Figure 5-11Designated Event Off-Sit
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• The first approach pertains to
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detail impact mitigation strategies
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5OVERVIEWFigure 5-16Site and Pedest
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Table 5-19External Factors Consider
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CHAPTER SIXTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN6
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• Express service (e.g., new rout
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6DAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES ADVANCE PL
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VENUEPickup /Drop-offWalkSITE AREAR
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special events. This checklist incl
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alternatives may exist, each will n
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Lot AssignmentThe objectives of lot
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parking garage. The lack of such pe
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Table 6-7Key Findings from Saint Pa
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tern of ingress and egress to achie
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Any planned special event parking a
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• Park vehicles at the same rate
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lot(s) conflicts with heavy adjacen
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Figure 6-16Annotated Aerial Map of
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trols for pedestrian protection and
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Use of a temporary pedestrian bridg
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ordinate with the event planning te
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ManagementFigure 6-28On-Site Shuttl
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the impact to neighborhoods surroun
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• On the day-of-event, the manage
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An alternate route plan represents
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Figure 6-33Background Traffic Diver
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Arterial-to-Arterial DiversionArter
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modation tactic that the traffic ma
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Transportation system management ty
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prove interchange capacity and oper
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6OVERVIEWFigure 6-39Temporary Elimi
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efore they enter an alternative lan
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Table 6-36Portable Traffic Manageme
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Advance traffic signal operations p
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EN-ROUTE TRAVELERINFORMATION PLANOv
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or venue access route. These are te
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forces affect the signal, such as w
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now be accessed en-route via cellul
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Subscription ServicesA number of pr
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• Wireless communications (It sho
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unlit freeway interchanges or arter
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Traffic Incident Quick ClearanceIni
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16. Dudek, C.L., Guidelines forChan
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CHAPTER SEVENTRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEME
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Demand Management StrategiesSuccess
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Figure 7-2High Occupancy Vehicle In
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fore. The website suggested that ev
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during the games. The predominant c
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• Patronage Potential - The speci
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may exceed an hour. Patrons who use
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• Recommended event ingress and e
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planned special event impacts opera
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planned special event and related t
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Appendix M contains an example of a
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CHAPTER EIGHTIMPLEMENTATION ACTIVIT
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The implementation plan communicate
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ELEMENTLocationspecifictrafficand p
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ers be used to: (1) watch what happ
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Communication from the TMC to vario
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Volunteer RecruitmentPrior to initi
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CHAPTER NINEDAY-OF-EVENT ACTIVITIES
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stakeholders comprising the traffic
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operations planning phase, the ICS
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Table 9-3Traffic Management PlanEva
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formation to a dispatcher who, in t
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seek out other sources. The media m
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Traffic Management SupportIn a traf
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Table 9-13Performance Evaluation Me
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CHAPTER TENPOST-EVENT ACTIVITIES10O
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Table 10-1Key Post-Event Activities
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ing events, slight changes in circu
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inaccurate, it will become clear th
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ics of interest to all participants
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spectives are noted during the debr
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CHAPTER ELEVENDISCRETE/RECURRING EV
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peak pedestrian and traffic departu
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STEPNO. PAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-22
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sive express bus service between ar
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POST-EVENTACTIVITIESSince a discret
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market an express bus service for a
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CHAPTER TWELVECONTINUOUS EVENT12OVE
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EVENT OPERATIONSPLANNINGBecause of
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NO.STEPPAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-225
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Table 12-4Checklist of Implementati
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Some distinguishing considerations
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CHAPTER THIRTEENSTREET USE EVENT13O
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EVENT OPERATIONSPLANNINGSince stree
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STEPNO. PAGE1 5-202 7-93 5-214 5-22
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may not regularly take place in the
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HANDBOOKPAGETable 13-5Checklist of
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• A planned special event permit
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CHAPTER FOURTEENREGIONAL/MULTI-VENU
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several vantage points (e.g., parks
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Table 14-3Event Operations Planning
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Table 14-4 presents a checklist ofi
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• With regard to regional/multi-v
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CHAPTER FIFTEENRURAL EVENT15OVERVIE
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ies by event, as some rural events
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STEPNO. PAGETable 15-3Event Operati
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Table 15-4Checklist of Implementati
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Some distinguishing considerations
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should focus on equipment and techn
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APPENDIX ASAMPLE SPECIAL EVENT PERM
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VIRGINIA BEACH, VA: PERMIT APPLICAT
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A-5
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EVANSTON, IL: SPECIAL EVENT HOLD HA
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD: SPECIAL EVEN
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A-11
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APPENDIX BEVENT-ORIENTED RISK SCENA
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APPENDIX CINTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS FO
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APPENDIX D2003 FAIR SAINT LOUIS EVE
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APPENDIX FPARKING AND PEDESTRIAN AC
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APPENDIX GWISCONSIN DOT ORGANIZATIO
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G-3
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BRISTOL (TN) MOTOR SPEEDWAYSource:
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PALACE OF AUBURN HILLS (MI)PARKING
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TALLADEGA (AL) SUPERSPEEDWAYNote:
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NASCAR DAYTONA 500Source: www.dayto
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MICHIGAN INTERNATIONAL SPEEDWAYSour
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MARTINSVILLE (VA) SPEEDWAYSource: w
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APPENDIX KEXAMPLE TRAFFIC CONTROL P
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FREEWAY SIGNING PLANNASCAR BRICKYAR
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EQUIPMENT LOCATION PLANSYDNEY, AUST
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Source: www.ci.daytona-beach.fl.us/
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SEATTLE CENTERSEATTLE, WASource: ww
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RICHMOND INTERNATIONAL RACEWAYRICHM
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PNC PARKPITTSBURGH, PASource: pirat
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M-2
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FORD FIELDDETROIT, MIM-4
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APPENDIX NSAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION PLA
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N-3
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N-5
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