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• Nationally, the proportion of Indigenous students who were enrolled in year 11in 2004 and attained a year 12 certificate in 2005 was 48.7 per cent comparedwith 86.8 per cent for non-Indigenous students (table 3A.3.11).• The proportions of Indigenous students who achieved a year 12 certificate in2005 (after commencing year 11 the previous year) varied significantly acrossstates and territories (figure 3.3.6).• Between 2001 and 2005, the number of Indigenous students who attained a year12 certificate increased in all states and territories (tables 3A.3.11 and 3A.3.15).3.4 Post secondary education — participation andattainmentBox 3.4.1Key messages• Although not strictly comparable, between 1994 and 2004-05, the proportion ofIndigenous people participating in post secondary education increased from5.0 per cent to 11.4 per cent (table 3A.4.2).• The proportion of Indigenous people with a qualification of certificate level 3 orabove increased from 8.3 per cent in 1994 to 20.8 per cent in 2004-05 (figure 3.4.3).• In 2004-05, non-Indigenous people were more than twice as likely as Indigenouspeople to have completed a post secondary qualification of certificate level 3 orabove (3A.4.10).• Higher education success rates (between 2001 and 2004) and TAFE pass rates(between 2002 and 2005) increased for Indigenous students (figures 3.4.4and 3.4.5).Post secondary education may lead to more than just better employment prospectsand higher incomes. Section 7.5 shows that people with a skilled vocationalqualification or higher (equivalent to certificate 3 or higher) are more likely to beemployed than those without such qualifications. There are also many potentialsocial effects of an individual’s education. These include:• the schooling of their children — parental education is a positive influence onstudent performance (OECD 2004; Wolfe and Haveman 2001;Zubrick et al. 2006)• efficiency of their choices — making the most of the opportunities on offerthroughout life (Wolfe and Haveman 2001; Zubrick et al. 2006)30 OVERCOMINGINDIGENOUSDISADVANTAGE 2007