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of socioeconomic differences such as Indigenous people’s lower average incomes,employment status, education levels, and greater remoteness. Cost and access toprivate health insurance and private hospitals may also be a factor.Figure 9.7.6 Rates of discharge from hospital against medical advice, by sexand Indigenous status, per 1000 people, Queensland, WA, SAand public hospitals in the NT, July 2002 to June 2004a, b, c, d, e, f20IndigenousNon-IndigenousDischarges per 1000 people1612840Male Female Personsa Rates exclude mental and behavioural disorders. b Data are based on State/Territory of usual residence.c Data are presented in two-year groupings due to small numbers each year. d Rates are directly agestandardised using the Australian 2001 Standard population. e Rates are presented with their 95 per centconfidence limits. f Non-Indigenous includes Indigenous status not stated.Source: AIHW National Hospital Morbidity Database (unpublished); table 9A.7.8.• Figure 9.7.6 compares the rates of discharge from hospital for Indigenous andnon-Indigenous people for Queensland, WA, SA and public hospitals in the NT.These four states and territories are considered to have the highest level ofaccuracy of Indigenous identification, although the level of accuracy varies byState/Territory and hospital.• Rates of discharge from hospital against medical advice for Indigenous peoplewere significantly greater than non-Indigenous rates for both men and women(figure 9.7.6).• For Indigenous men and women, the rates of discharge from hospital againstmedical advice were 17.1 and 22.6 times as high as the discharge rates fornon-Indigenous men and women, respectively (figure 9.7.6).The ABS Community Housing and Infrastructure Needs Survey (CHINS) wasconducted in 1999, 2001 and again in 2006 (ABS 2007). The CHINS collectedinformation on services (health, education and public transport) available in discreteFUNCTIONAL ANDRESILIENT FAMILIESAND COMMUNITIES