Aspect in Ancient Greek - Nijmegen Centre for Semantics

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148 Chapter 6. The temporal structure of discourseFigure 6.2.t 1 = t TT1 = t 2 = t TT2τ(e 1 )τ(e 2 )Figure 6.2: Graphical representation of (184), overlapThese default rules for the specification of the topic time also explain theso-called immediative use of imperfective aspect, the interpretation that theeventuality described with imperfective aspect follows right after a previouslymentioned eventuality with aoristic aspect, as in (185) (cf. (164)):(185) κα µα φ θ έ γ ξ α ν τ ο ... πάντε̋ κα πάντε̋ δ θ ε ο ν.“At the same time they all set up-aor a war-cry ... and next allwere running-imp.” X. An. 1.8.18Since the first clause has aoristic aspect, it introduces not only an eventualityof uttering a sound (e 1 in Figure 6.3) included in the topic time t TT1 , but alsoa time t TT2 which immediately follows this eventuality and acts as topic timefor the next clause. Since the second clause has imperfective aspect, the timeof the running eventuality τ(e 2 ) described by this clause properly includes thetopic time t TT2 . In many instances of the combination aorist-imperfective theimperfective eventuality will actually include the aorist eventuality as well, asfor example in (163), but this is not necessary. The rules, however, excludethe possibility that there is a temporal gap between the two eventualities. Asa consequence, if world knowledge tells us that the eventualities described donot overlap, as in (185), we have to interpret the imperfective eventuality astaking place right after the aorist one. This yields the ‘immediative’ effect.Landeweerd (1998:177–187) has made the same observation for the imparfaitin French. With the combination passé simple-imparfait, the describedeventualities often overlap, as in (186) (= (41)):(186) Pierre e n t r a. Marie t é l é p h o n a i t.Pierre enter.pst.PFV.3sg Marie phone.pst.IPFV.3sg“Pierre entered. Marie was phoning.”
6.3 Analysing the patterns 149t TT1τ(e 1 )t TT2τ(e 2 )Figure 6.3: Graphical representation of (185), the ‘immediative’ effectBut they need not overlap (from Kamp and Rohrer 1983:259): 9(187) Jean t o u r n a l’ interrupteur. La lumière éclatanteJean turn.pst.PFV.3sg the switch the light brightl’ é b l o u i s s a i t.him blind.pst.IPFV.3sg“Jean switched on the light. The bright light blinded him.”The blinding happens right after the switching on of the light. It is howeverimpossible that there is a gap between the two eventualities with the combinationpassé simple-imparfait. This is the reason why (188) (from Molendijket al. 2004:291) is odd, since world knowledge tells us that there is a gapbetween going out in the rain and being soaking wet:(188) Jean sortit sous la pluie. Il étaitJean leave.pst.PFV.3sg under the rain he was.pst.IPFV.3sgtout mouillé.all wet“Jean went out in the rain. He was soaking wet.”In the next section we will see that the account presented here of thetemporal structure of discourse, and the account presented in chapter 4 of thevariation in interpretation of the two aspects, are not two distinct, independentstories, but rather two sides of the same coin.9 Similar examples in English, like (i) based on Hinrichs (1986:68), were the reason forHinrichs to propose his pushing account:(i)Max switched off the light. The room was pitch dark around him.
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Aspect in Ancient GreekA semantic a
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viNick Asher, David Beaver, the lat
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Contentsix8 Conclusions and discuss
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2 Chapter 1. Introductiongroundbrea
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4 Chapter 1. Introduction(4) µετ
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6 Chapter 1. Introductionimperfecti
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1.3 Organisation of the thesis 9In
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Chapter 2The interpretations of aor
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2.3 Additional interpretations of t
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2.5 The challenge 21scriptions of h
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24 Chapter 3. Aspect in formal sema
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3.2 The perfective-imperfective dis
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 673.3.1 Aspe
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 69bials ((88
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 71the term c
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 73in the ext
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76 Chapter 4. An analysis of aorist
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Page 108 and 109: 98 Chapter 4. An analysis of aorist
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198 Appendix B: Examples spelled ou
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206 Appendix C: List of abbreviatio
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208 Appendix C: List of abbreviatio
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210 References(Eds.), Cross-linguis
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212 ReferencesGrice, P. (1975). Log
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214 ReferencesLemmon, E. J. (1962).
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216 Referencesvan der Sandt, R. (19
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218 References
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220 Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch)
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222 Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch)
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Aspect in Ancient Greek - Nijmegen Centre for Semantics

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