Aspect in Ancient Greek - Nijmegen Centre for Semantics

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152 Chapter 6. The temporal structure of discourseit would receive a complexive interpretation, the maximal, i.e. complete cryingeventuality would lie before Artabanus’ utterance, and hence this cryingeventuality and the crying eventuality Artabanus describes cannot be the sameones (or parts of the same one). It is in principle possible, but not very plausible,that we have to do with two distinct crying eventualities. One prefersinstead to relate the two crying related eventualities. This is possible on theingressive interpretation: e 1 then is the beginning of e 4 , as is illustrated inFigure 6.5.t TT1τ(e 1 )t TT2τ(e 2 )t TT3τ(e 3 )τ(e 4 )Figure 6.5: The ingressive interpretation of (189)Let’s consider a second example, this time with imperfective aspect. Therule that imperfective aspect by default passes on the topic time, which wehave formulated in section 6.3.1, has already been assumed in section 4.7 inthe account of how the habitual interpretation of the imperfective form φρεονephoreon ‘carry.imp’ comes about in (131), repeated here as (190):(190) Ηνδ τοτον τν χρνον θνο̋Ēn de touton ton chronon ethnosbe.pst.ipfv.3sg prt that.acc the.acc time.acc nation.nomοδνoudenno.nomνeninλκιµώτερονalkimōteronbraver.nomσφέωνspheōnthey.genτtēithe.datτοtouthe.genΑσίηAsiēiAsia.datνēnbe.pst.ipfv.3sg φ ρ ε ο νephoreoncarry.pst.IPFV.3plοτεoutenorΛυδίου.Ludiou.Lydian.genπap’fromµεγάλαmegalalong.accνδρηιτερονandrēioteronmore.courageous.nomΗHēthe.nomππων,hippōnhorses.genκαkaiandατοautoithey.nomδdeprtοτεoutenorµάχηmachēbattle.nomδρατάdorataspears.accτεteprtσανēsanbe.pst.ipfv.3pl
6.3 Analysing the patterns 153ππεεσθαιhippeuesthaimanage.horse.ipfv.infγαθοίagathoigood.nom“Now at this time there was no nation in Asia more courageous orbraver than the Lydian. They fought on horseback, carried longspears, and they were skillful at managing horses.” Hdt. 1.79.3Since imperfective aspect passes on the topic time, τοτον τν χρνον toutonton chronon ‘in that time’, which specifies quite a long time, still is the topictime when we interpret the clause δρατά τε φρεον µεγάλα dorata te ephoreonmegala ‘they carry.ipfv long spears’. Since a simple carrying eventuality is tooshort to include such a long time we get a habitual reinterpretation. A habitualcarrying eventuality can include the topic time. Since the duration associatedwith other predicates in the passage is longer, we don’t find reinterpretationwith them, although the topic time is the same.In this section I have shown that the reinterpretation phenomena of chapter4 and the phenomena of narrative progression discussed in the present chapterboth depend on the same principles, viz. the default binding rules for theanaphoric topic time.6.3.5 Flexibility requiredIn the previous subsections we have seen how the semantics of aspect proposedin chapter 4 together with the default binding rules for the anaphoric topictime yields the temporal patterns commonly found with certain aspect combinations.As one may however expect of an anaphor, the topic time sometimesbinds to a previously introduced time different from the one determined by thedefault rules, or even accommodates. 11 The choice to deviate from the defaultmay be triggered by world knowledge, information structure, the presence ofdiscourse particles (abundant in Ancient Greek), et cetera, and intricate interactionsbetween these factors. 12 A relatively simple non-default case is (165),here repeated as (191):(191) διαφέρουσι δέ σφι π ση̋ τν πλεµον τ κτω τεϊ συµβολ̋ γενο-µένη̋ συνήνεικε στε, τ̋ µάχη̋ συνεστεώση̋, τν µέρην ξαπίνη̋νκτα γενέσθαι. Τν δ µεταλλαγν τατην τ̋ µέρη̋ Θαλ̋ Μιλήσιο̋ τοσι Ιωσι π ρ ο η γ ρ ε υ σ ε σεσθαι, ορον προθέµενο̋νιαυτν τοτον ν τ δ κα γένετο µεταβολή.“They were still warring with equal success, when it happened, at an11 See section 3.2.1 for the notion of accommodation.12 See Asher and Lascarides’ (2003) Segmented Discourse Representation Theory for aframework that models the influence of these kind of information sources on the temporalstructure of English discourse.
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Aspect in Ancient GreekA semantic a
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viNick Asher, David Beaver, the lat
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Contentsix8 Conclusions and discuss
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2 Chapter 1. Introductiongroundbrea
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4 Chapter 1. Introduction(4) µετ
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6 Chapter 1. Introductionimperfecti
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1.3 Organisation of the thesis 9In
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Chapter 2The interpretations of aor
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2.3 Additional interpretations of t
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2.5 The challenge 21scriptions of h
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24 Chapter 3. Aspect in formal sema
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 673.3.1 Aspe
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 69bials ((88
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 71the term c
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 73in the ext
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76 Chapter 4. An analysis of aorist
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100 Chapter 4. An analysis of aoris
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202 Appendix B: Examples spelled ou
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204 Appendix B: Examples spelled ou
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206 Appendix C: List of abbreviatio
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208 Appendix C: List of abbreviatio
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210 References(Eds.), Cross-linguis
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212 ReferencesGrice, P. (1975). Log
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214 ReferencesLemmon, E. J. (1962).
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216 Referencesvan der Sandt, R. (19
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218 References
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220 Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch)
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222 Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch)
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