Aspect in Ancient Greek - Nijmegen Centre for Semantics

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16 Chapter 2. The interpretations of aoristic and imperfective aspectagainst the Tegeans.” Hdt. 1.65.1Again, the imperfective form προσ έπταιον proseptaion ‘suffered a defeat’ (lit.‘bumped into’) should be interpreted habitually rather than as describing asingle eventuality of suffering a defeat that is going on.2.3.2 The conative and likelihood interpretationsImperfective aspect can also be used to refer to eventualities that do not gobeyond the stage of an attempt. This is the so-called conative interpretation.Consider the following example:(17) πεθµησεepethumēseτ̋ χλανίδο̋tēs chlanidoslong.for.pst.aor.3sg the.gen garment.genκα ατνkai autēnandπροσελθνproselthōn ν έ ε τ ο.ōneeto.hogo.to.aor.ptcp.nom buy.pst.IPFV.3sg the.nomΣυλοσνSulosōnSyloson.nom.........πωλέωpōleōsell.prs.ipfv.1sgλέγειlegei:say.prs.ipfv.3sgµνmenprtοδεν̋oudenosno.genγegōI.nomχρήµατο̋,chrēmatos,money.genτατηνtautēnthat.accthat.accδdeprtδίδωµιdidōmigive.prs.ipfv.1sgδdeprtλλω̋allōsfor.nothing“He set his heart upon the garment, came forward and wanted to buyit. But Syloson said: ‘I don’t sell that one for any money, but I giveit for free.’ ” Hdt. 3.139.2-3It is clear from the continuation that the buying eventuality in the first sentencedoes not exceed the stage of an attempt: Syloson doesn’t sell the garment.Some grammars (for example, Rijksbaron 2002:3) note that this interpretationoccurs only with bounded predicates and results from the combinationof the property boundedness and the basic interpretation of imperfective aspectas going on. The distinction between bounded and unbounded predicates,which was mentioned briefly in section 1.2.3 and will be discussed at greaterlength in chapters 3 and 4, is indeed relevant for this interpretation of imperfectiveaspect, as we will see.Related to this interpretation is the likelihood interpretation (see, for example,Goodwin 1966:441, Rijksbaron 2002:17), which expresses that an eventualitywas likely to occur, or threatened to occur. καινµην ekainomēn ‘be
2.4 Additional interpretations of the aorist 17killed.ipfv’ in (18) is used in this way:(18) µεταρσίαmetarsiaληφθεσlēphtheis’raised.from.the.ground.nom take.aor.pass.ptcp.nom κ α ι ν µ η νekainomēnξίφειxipheikill.pst.IPFV.pass.1sg sword.datλλall’butξέκλεψεν ...exeklepsen ...snatch.pst.aor.3sgΑρτεµι̋ArtemisArtemis.nom“having been lifted high in the air I (= Iphigeneia) was about to bekilled by the sword; but Artemis snatched me away.” E. I.T. 27-28The but-clause (and of course the fact that Iphigeneia is able to report theevent herself) makes it clear that the killing did not actually occur.This example concludes my discussion of the various interpretations ofimperfective aspect. Let’s now turn to aoristic aspect.2.4 Additional interpretations of the aorist2.4.1 The ingressive interpretationWith unbounded predicates, aoristic aspect may be used to refer to the beginningof an eventuality, the ingressive interpretation. 4 Consider the interpretationof δάκρυσε edakruse ‘weep.aor’ in (19):(19) νθατα enthauta hothen the.nomΞέρξη̋XerxēsXerxes.nomµακάρισε,emakarise,declare.happy.pst.aor.3sgωυτνheōutonhimself.accµετmetaafterδdeandτοτοtoutothat.acc δ ά κ ρ υ σ ε.edakruse.weep.pst.AOR.3sg4 Again, for the distinction between bounded and unbounded predicates, see the section1.2.3. It will be explained at greater length in chapter 3 and 4, especially in sections 3.2.2and 4.2.
Page 3: Aspect in Ancient GreekA semantic a
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Page 9: Contentsix8 Conclusions and discuss
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 673.3.1 Aspe
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 69bials ((88
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 71the term c
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3.3 Aspectual coercion 73in the ext
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76 Chapter 4. An analysis of aorist
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134 Chapter 6. The temporal structu
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158 Chapter 7. Comparison to theori
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172 Chapter 8. Conclusions and disc
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178 Appendix A: The language of Com
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192 Appendix B: Examples spelled ou
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206 Appendix C: List of abbreviatio
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208 Appendix C: List of abbreviatio
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210 References(Eds.), Cross-linguis
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212 ReferencesGrice, P. (1975). Log
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214 ReferencesLemmon, E. J. (1962).
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216 Referencesvan der Sandt, R. (19
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218 References
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220 Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch)
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222 Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch)
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Aspect in Ancient Greek - Nijmegen Centre for Semantics

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