An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States

70. Simon Anekwe, “Fight for Ancestral Lands: ANC Supports Indians,” New York Amsterdam
News, May 10, 1986.
71. Anekwe, “Fight for Ancestral Lands.”
72. While I think we need more historical information on solidarity and tensions, it is clear that
African scholars have thought about and compared settler colonialism in the United States, Canada,
Australia and New Zealand, and in South Africa. Prominent among them is Bernard Magubane.
Though, along with similarities, he found significant differences between South Africa and those
abovementioned places. See Bernard Magubane, “The Political Economy of the South African
Revolution,” African Journal of Political Economy 1, no. 1 (1986): 1–28. Magubane writes,
“However, unlike the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, i.e., countries that the
Europeans claim as part of the West, South Africa remains an African country and therefore part of
the Third World. What makes South Africa the country of the African is not the fact that Blacks
constitute the majority of the population; nor even that they are the indigenous inhabitants. After all,
remnants of the indigenous peoples of America, Australia and New Zealand are still there, but clearly
their lands, except for reservations which they have been confined no longer belongs to them; more
they are clearly fugitives in their native countries” (1). While we might disagree with the polemical
nature of Magunabe’s laying out of the key differences, he might be on to something. Still,
connecting African settler colonialism to that of the US, especially bringing together disparate
histories, assuming they exist as indicated in the ANC’s statement of solidarity, is a project worth
exploring outside of the realm of theory.
73. “Gaddafi Prize in Human Rights, November 9, 1991,” YouTube,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqrgqNFfzYM&t=1982s, accessed March 25, 2021.
74. Patrick Howe, “Bellecourt Seeks Mandela’s Intervention,” Argus-Leader, November 22, 2000.
75. For a history of the trials that many Native people suffered, see Peter Matthiessen, In the Spirit
of Crazy Horse (New York: Penguin Books, 1991).
CHAPTER 7. BLACK AND INDIGENOUS POPULAR CULTURES IN
THE PUBLIC SPHERE
1. Lauren Michele Jackson, White Negroes: When Cornrows Were in Vogue . . . and Other
Thoughts on Cultural Appropriation (Boston: Beacon Press, 2019).
2. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 10.
3. Stuart Hall, “What Is This ‘Black’ in Black Popular Culture?,” in Black Popular Culture, ed.
Gina Dent (Boston: New Press, 1998), 29.
4. Leanne Simpson, As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resurgence
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017), 113.
5. Deloria, Playing Indian, 7.
6. Deloria, Playing Indian, 191.
7. David Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class
(New York: Verso, 1991), 115, 118.
8. Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (New York: Vintage International, 1995), 3.
9. John Fiske, Reading the Popular (New York: Routledge, 1989), 11–13.
10. Michael Eric Dyson, Reflecting Black: African-American Cultural Criticism (Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 1993), xvii.
11. Johnnie Jae, “About,” https://johnniejae.com/about/ (accessed August 7, 2020).
12. Kiersten Wells, “Debate Emerges After Native Woman Tells Black Woman to ‘Keep Hands
Off Our Culture,’” Atlanta Black Star, August 9, 2017.
13. Audre Lorde, “The Uses of Anger,” Women’s Studies Quarterly 25, no. 1/2 (Spring–Summer
1997): 278–85.
14. Simpson, As We Have Always Done, 223.