An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States

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PRAISE FOR AN AFRO-INDIGENOUS HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES “Dr. Mays brilliantly makes accessible the knowledge of how Native, Black, and Afro-Indigenous communities, under the oppressive projects of settler colonialism and white supremacy, have navigated points of tension and harm, while simultaneously revealing instances when we’ve resisted by way of solidarity and allyship. Ultimately, he reminds us that both the ‘Indian problem’ and the ‘Negro problem’ are, in fact, a white supremacist problem.” —MELANIN MVSKOKE, Afro-Indigenous (Mvskoke Creek) activist “Framed as an answer to questions in Mays’s life as well as in his scholarship, this is a startlingly ambitious and deeply engaging study. Refusing to separate two sprawling, interconnected stories but respecting the integrity of each, Mays changes also the whole story of US whiteness as a system of thought and power. A perfect book to be read in classes or given to friends who want to understand the mess we are in and the resources of those who resist.” —DAVID ROEDIGER, author of How Race Survived US History “This is a bold and original narrative that is required reading to comprehend the deep historical relationship between the Indigenous peoples who were transported from Africa into chattel slavery and the Indigenous peoples who were displaced by European settler colonialism to profit from the land and resources, two parallel realities in search of self-determination and justice.” —ROXANNE DUNBAR-ORTIZ, author of An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States “Only twenty years ago, Kyle Mays’s voice wouldn’t even have passed through academia’s and media’s gatekeepers. The fact that a voice like this
can be heard today and tell his own story is unexpected great news for America . . . and it’s just the beginning.” —RAOUL PECK, director of I Am Not Your Negro and Exterminate All the Brutes “A bold, innovative, and astute analysis of how Blackness and Indigeneity have been forged as distinct yet overlapping social locations through the needs of capital, the logic of the nation-state, and the aims of US empire. While we know that slavery and settler colonialism are intricately linked, Kyle Mays uniquely demonstrates that the afterlives of these two institutions are also linked. They provide the land, bodies, and capital for ‘newer’ systems of bondage to flourish, such as mass incarceration. You will never think of the peoples’ history the same way after reading An Afro- Indigenous History of the United States.” —ROBIN D. G. KELLEY, author of Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination
Page 6: REVISIONING HISTORY SERIES A Queer
Page 10 and 11: To Liseth, El Don, ChiChi
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER SEVEN Black and Indigenous
Page 14 and 15: Indigenous people in our collective
Page 16 and 17: and places. In fact, the whole book
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTION Thousands of volumes h
Page 20 and 21: RECONNECTING DISCONNECTED HISTORIES
Page 22 and 23: solidarity between Black and white
Page 24 and 25: important to understand how the whi
Page 26 and 27: Indigenous peoples have sought ways
Page 28 and 29: need both movements, as both are he
Page 30 and 31: Some established (mostly white male
Page 32 and 33: meeting between a variety of Indige
Page 34 and 35: Atlantic Diaspora Connections (2009
Page 36 and 37: During every Black History Month in
Page 38 and 39: consciousness, and to a considerabl
Page 40 and 41: PAUL CUFFE Perhaps one of the earli
Page 42 and 43: Afro-Indigenous peoples in the Unit
Page 44 and 45: antiblackness. Finally, these exper
Page 46 and 47: America. There was so much we cover
Page 48 and 49: president-general and another counc
Page 50 and 51: the dehumanization of Native people
Page 52 and 53:
On March 4, 1801, Jefferson, during
Page 54 and 55:
lasting in its impact than that wit
Page 56 and 57:
The Native person could not truly e
Page 58 and 59:
CHAPTER THREE ENSLAVEMENT, DISPOSSE
Page 60 and 61:
local autonomy—Reconstruction cha
Page 62 and 63:
unpleasant, but we must try and com
Page 64 and 65:
Choctaw owned 14 percent and the Cr
Page 66 and 67:
surpassed those predecessors by per
Page 68 and 69:
eaders to reconsider the role of In
Page 70 and 71:
a time they moved back to Wisconsin
Page 72 and 73:
white people were interested in rem
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of their resistance to white encroa
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liberation and women’s rights. Ty
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covered numerous topics in the spee
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commit the same sin that the nation
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had to change. They could no longer
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Still, Native people continued to s
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government’s boarding schools and
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civilization and its so-called virt
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function of the National Associatio
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treatment with white men, . . . [th
Page 94 and 95:
In the post-Garvey era, after the U
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learned about the prolific and viol
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Eastman likely participated in the
Page 100 and 101:
Du Bois’s paper offered a broad s
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and men to assert their right to ci
Page 104 and 105:
CHAPTER FIVE BLACK AMERICANS AND NA
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gap we have today, are rooted in ea
Page 108 and 109:
Black Americans remembered this Ind
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legacies have been tainted. People
Page 112 and 113:
Here, King describes the root of ra
Page 114 and 115:
working as a collective to achieve
Page 116 and 117:
egistered in Mississippi. She helpe
Page 118 and 119:
surprising if she did. The Choctaw
Page 120 and 121:
understand history, how they practi
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indeed fought in every war since th
Page 124 and 125:
US, given that the US was not Black
Page 126 and 127:
Malcolm understood well the connect
Page 128 and 129:
me think in terms of American’s i
Page 130 and 131:
In the following scene in the docum
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the land, isn’t four hundred year
Page 134 and 135:
For the majority of white Americans
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this growing unity is the best assu
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with hardly any people of color wil
Page 140 and 141:
did their best to understand how th
Page 142 and 143:
“It was not until Malcolm X came
Page 144 and 145:
lived there. What about their claim
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and operates under a racist and imm
Page 148 and 149:
oth deeply invested in Black civil
Page 150 and 151:
challenge the assumed authority of
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Committee. BWLC, with Frances Beal
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international monopoly finance capi
Page 156 and 157:
Conference on Indigenous Peoples an
Page 158 and 159:
awarded until 2011, and discontinue
Page 160 and 161:
CHAPTER SEVEN BLACK AND INDIGENOUS
Page 162 and 163:
practices and incorporate them into
Page 164 and 165:
e performing minstrelsy without eve
Page 166 and 167:
influenced by racist oppression, th
Page 168 and 169:
Beyond the specifics of this incide
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acism and sexism, as well as across
Page 172 and 173:
there is hardly any chance in hell
Page 174 and 175:
For example, in July 2007, in Detro
Page 176 and 177:
No one wants to be a r*dsk*n. It is
Page 178 and 179:
even absurdly funny. The use of the
Page 180 and 181:
was trying to make. Jones responded
Page 182 and 183:
Desus sarcastically adds, “How ca
Page 184 and 185:
CHAPTER EIGHT THE MATTER OF BLACK A
Page 186 and 187:
Indigenous and Latinx police, “sh
Page 188 and 189:
protester and getting hit with them
Page 190 and 191:
Native people’s use of tropes, sl
Page 192 and 193:
CONCLUSION THE POSSIBILITIES FOR AF
Page 194 and 195:
“they are the problem” and tell
Page 196 and 197:
oppression and white supremacy. . .
Page 198 and 199:
movements.” 14 We can learn from
Page 200 and 201:
est to acknowledge the importance o
Page 202 and 203:
Ta-Nehisi Coates’s fantastic arti
Page 204 and 205:
possible. Our imaginations, coupled
Page 206 and 207:
to people of African descent. I don
Page 208 and 209:
2. You know how Indigenous Nations
Page 210 and 211:
they treated? We should instead cen
Page 212 and 213:
Indigenousness are not so different
Page 214 and 215:
maintain African enslavement. For n
Page 216 and 217:
opposed to her likely believe that
Page 218 and 219:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS YOU DON‘T WRITE a
Page 220 and 221:
Emory University. Thank you to the
Page 222 and 223:
5. Patrick Wolfe, Traces of History
Page 224 and 225:
the initiative strikes which open t
Page 226 and 227:
13. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the
Page 228 and 229:
28. Robert Dale Parker, ed., The So
Page 230 and 231:
8. Andrew Woolford, This Benevolent
Page 232 and 233:
6. Malinda Maynor Lowery, The Lumbe
Page 234 and 235:
CHAPTER 6. BLACK POWER AND RED POWE
Page 236 and 237:
47. William H. McClendon, “The Bl
Page 238 and 239:
15. Abaki Beck, “Rendered Invisib
Page 240 and 241:
1. Billy-Ray Belcourt and Lindsay N
Page 242 and 243:
Name: The Harmful Consequences of P
Page 244 and 245:
INDEX Please note that page numbers
Page 246 and 247:
Beck, Abaki, 143, 144 The Beginning
Page 248 and 249:
Chicago Defender (publication), 76,
Page 250 and 251:
Dyson, Michael Eric, 140, 149 Eagle
Page 252 and 253:
Hamilton, Charles, 110 Hampton, Fre
Page 254 and 255:
Kaplan, Amy, 205n54 Katznelson, Ira
Page 256 and 257:
Metacomet (chief), 60 Metropolitan
Page 258 and 259:
N.W.A. (band), 161 N-word, as term,
Page 260 and 261:
Red Cloud (Oglala Lakota leader), 6
Page 262 and 263:
“The Souls of White Folk” (Du B
Page 264 and 265:
Wheatley, Phillis, xxii, 8-10, 14,
Page 266 and 267:
North and South American activists
Page 268 and 269:
Dennis Banks and unknown woman at a
Page 270:
Audience at a rally in support of D
Page 273:
American Indian Movement member and
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An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States

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