An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States

24. Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The Case for Reparations,” The Atlantic, June 2014,
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/?
utm_source=share&utm_campaign=share.
25. https://www.cityofevanston.org/home/showdocument?id=54614.
26. “About ADOS,” https://ados101.com/about-ados (accessed March 5, 2020).
27. Charisse Burden-Stelly, “Modern U.S. Racial Capitalism: Some Theoretical Insights,” Monthly
Review (blog), July 1, 2020, https://monthlyreview.org/2020/07/01/modern-u-s-racial-capitalism.
28. Todd Lewan and Dolores Barclay, “When They Steal Your Land, They Steal Your Future,” Los
Angeles Times, December 2, 2001, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-02-mn-
10514-story.html.
29. Rural Development Land Reform, Land Audit Report (Pretoria: Rural Development and Land
Reform, February 2018),
https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/73229_land_audit_report13feb2018.pdf.
30. Peter J. Hudson, Bankers and Empire: How Wall Street Colonized the Caribbean (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2017). Although Hudson discusses the Caribbean, we could easily
apply his analysis to Africans throughout the diaspora. Banks and insurance companies in the US and
the United Kingdom were developed through African enslavement and various forms of structural
racism.
31. Sanchez Manning, “Britain’s Colonial Shame: Slave-Owners Given Huge Payouts After
Abolition,” Independent, February 13, 2013, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/homenews/britains-colonial-shame-slave-owners-given-huge-payouts-after-abolition-8508358.html.
32. Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Washington, DC: Howard University
Press, 1982). Rodney writes, “The operation of the imperialist system bears major responsibility for
African economic retardation by draining African wealth and by making it impossible to develop
more rapidly the resources of the continent.” While he puts much of the responsibility for African
underdevelopment on Western European capitalists, he acknowledges that “in recent times, they were
joined, and to some extent replaced, by capitalists from the United States” (27).
33. Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry
Undermined Black Homeownership (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019).
34. Bukola Adebayo, “Ghana Makes 126 People from the Diaspora Citizens as Part of Year of
Return Celebrations,” CNN World, November 29, 2019,
https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/29/africa/ghana-foreign-nationals-citizenship/index.html.
35. Repairers of the Breach, “About Us,” https://www.breachrepairers.org/mission (accessed July
22, 2020).
36. For a few examples, see Charlene Carruthers, Unapologetic: A Black, Queer, and Feminist
Mandate for Radical Movements (Boston: Beacon Press, 2018); Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, From
#BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2016); Billy-Ray Belcourt, This
Wound Is a World (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019). These books, taken together,
offer a wide range of ways to view history, inclusively organize, and imagine a new world.
37. Stephen L. Pevar, The Rights of Indians and Tribes, 4th ed. (New York: New York University
Press, 2004), 46.
38. Simpson, “The Place Where We All Live and Work Together,” 19.
39. Gilmore, Change Everything. At the time of this writing, this book has not yet been published.
However, Gilmore has long been an advocate of abolishing not just the carceral state but also
building something new. For example, see Rachel Kushner, “Is Prison Necessary? Ruth Wilson
Gilmore Might Change Your Mind,” New York Times Magazine, April 17, 2019,
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/17/magazine/prison-abolition-ruth-wilson-gilmore.html. See also
Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black: How Race Still Enslaves the American Soul (New York:
Broadway Books, 2016), particularly the chapter “Democracy in Black,” 229–36; Alex S. Vitale, The
End of Policing (London: Verso, 2017); Maya Schenwar and Victoria Law, Prison by Any Other