Kaplan, Amy, 205n54 Katznelson, Ira, 77–78 Kauanui, J. Kēhaulani, 198n17 Kelley, Robin D. G., xviii, xix, xx, 64, 197n17 Kellogg, Laura Cornelius, 58, 60–61 Kendi, Ibram, 12, 135 Kenyatta, Jomo, 97 Khan-Cullors, Patrisse, 163 Kickapoos, 37 Kilpatrick, Kwame, 148 King, Martin Lu<strong>the</strong>r, Jr.: assassination <strong>of</strong>, 118; Baldwin on, 101; Banks on, 123; on Black American condition and racism, 81, 83–84, 86; on erasure <strong>of</strong> Native Americans, 84–86; legacy <strong>of</strong>, 82; Poor People’s Campaign by, 117–18; on revolution <strong>of</strong> values, 179; use <strong>of</strong> N-word by, 149; on white liberals, 169. See also Poor People’s Campaign King, Thomas, 14 King Philip (chief), 60 kinship as solidarity, 171, 174 Kirby (company), 155 Köchler, Hans, 131 Korieth, Chima J., 6 KRS-One, 82 Ku Klux Klan, 66, 78–80, 107 Laguna Pueblo, 191 land (concept), xviii–xix, 18–19, 116, 179–80, 184. See also <strong>Indigenous</strong> dispossession Land O’ Lakes, 155 language: Black English, 27, 35, 137–38; Ebonics, 35; Hip Hop Nation Language, 137–38; prowess <strong>of</strong>, 7, 8 language (concept), 146–48, 149. See also N-word, as term; R-word, as term Latinx community, 78, 81, 86, 89, 135, 138, 160–62 law, 41–43. See also treaties “Learning from <strong>the</strong> 60s” (Lorde), 168 Lee, Spike, 82 Lemelle, Sidney, xviii Lemmons, Kasi, 34 Lemon, Don, 160 “Let <strong>the</strong> Negro Alone” (Douglass), 50 Levert, Eddie, 148 Lewis and Clark Expedition, 23 liberal democracy, xv, 183. See also democratic project liberalism, xv, 85, 168–70. See also capitalism; democratic project Liberia, 44, 57, 205n43 Libya, 131–32, 133 Lightfoot, Sheryl, 175 Like a Hurricane (Warrior and Smith), 109–10 literacy, 8, 10 literary production as resistance, 5–10, 11, 13, 40–41, 101. See also poetry Little, John and Kenn, 152 Littlefield, Daniel F., 173 Liuzzo, Viola, 106–7
Logan, Beeman, 120 Logan, Rayford, 55 London Times (publication), 13 Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 56 Longest Walk protest (1978), 125 Lorde, Audre, xxiii, 142, 167, 168 Los <strong>An</strong>geles, 161–62 Los <strong>An</strong>geles Sentinel (publication), 113 Louisiana Purchase, 23 Lowery, Malinda Maynor, 78 Lumbee resistance (1958), 78. See also resistance lynchings, 68. See also police violence; racism Lytle, Clifford, 209n2 Mad Bear, 120 Madison, James, 21, 22 Magubane, Bernard, 215n72 Malcolm X: assassination <strong>of</strong>, 96, 104, 114, 122; The Autobiography <strong>of</strong> Malcolm X, 82, 90–91, 92–93, 98; Baldwin on, 101; Banks on, 122; on black belonging, 92–98; on histories, 181; on judicial injustice, 159; legacy <strong>of</strong>, 82–83; “Message to <strong>the</strong> Grassroots,” 95, 96, 127; on Native Americans, 91–92, 93, 95, 98–99; OAAU, 100; on white liberals, 169 Malcolm X: A Life <strong>of</strong> Reinvention (Marable), 82 Mandan-Hidatsa, 118 Mandela, Nelson, 131, 132, 133 Manela, Erez, 63 Mankiller, Wilma (chief), 173–75 “Many Thousands Gone” (Baldwin), 106 Marable, Manning, 66–67, 82 March Against Fear (1966), 110 Maroon communities, xvi, 34, 44, 72, 203n12 Marshall, George, 154 Marshall, John, 43, 95 martial arts, 162–63 Martin, Trayvon, 164. See also police violence Martinez, Leroy, 166 martyrdom, 13–15 Marxism-Leninism, 124 mascots, 3, 84, 137, 140, 153–57. See also cultural appropriation; racism massacres: at Sand Creek, 102; at Wounded Knee, 54, 74, 102–3 mass incarceration, 56, 185, 221n39. See also convict leasing system; prison abolitionism Mays, Judy, x Mays, Robert Isiah, x Mbeki, Thabo, 171–72 McKenzie, Fayette, 58 Means, Bill, 129 Means, Russell, 109 Medicine Bear American Indian Academy, x Megan Thee Stallion (artist), 152 Meredith, James, 110 “Message to <strong>the</strong> Grassroots” (Malcolm X), 95, 96, 127
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PRAISE FOR AN AFRO-INDIGENOUS HISTO
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REVISIONING HISTORY SERIES A Queer
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To Liseth, El Don, ChiChi
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CHAPTER SEVEN Black and Indigenous
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Indigenous people in our collective
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and places. In fact, the whole book
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INTRODUCTION Thousands of volumes h
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RECONNECTING DISCONNECTED HISTORIES
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solidarity between Black and white
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important to understand how the whi
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Indigenous peoples have sought ways
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need both movements, as both are he
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Some established (mostly white male
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meeting between a variety of Indige
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Atlantic Diaspora Connections (2009
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During every Black History Month in
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consciousness, and to a considerabl
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PAUL CUFFE Perhaps one of the earli
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Afro-Indigenous peoples in the Unit
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antiblackness. Finally, these exper
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America. There was so much we cover
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president-general and another counc
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the dehumanization of Native people
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On March 4, 1801, Jefferson, during
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lasting in its impact than that wit
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The Native person could not truly e
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CHAPTER THREE ENSLAVEMENT, DISPOSSE
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local autonomy—Reconstruction cha
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unpleasant, but we must try and com
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Choctaw owned 14 percent and the Cr
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surpassed those predecessors by per
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eaders to reconsider the role of In
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a time they moved back to Wisconsin
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white people were interested in rem
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of their resistance to white encroa
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liberation and women’s rights. Ty
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covered numerous topics in the spee
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commit the same sin that the nation
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had to change. They could no longer
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Still, Native people continued to s
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government’s boarding schools and
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civilization and its so-called virt
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function of the National Associatio
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treatment with white men, . . . [th
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In the post-Garvey era, after the U
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learned about the prolific and viol
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Eastman likely participated in the
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Du Bois’s paper offered a broad s
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and men to assert their right to ci
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CHAPTER FIVE BLACK AMERICANS AND NA
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gap we have today, are rooted in ea
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Black Americans remembered this Ind
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legacies have been tainted. People
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Here, King describes the root of ra
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working as a collective to achieve
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egistered in Mississippi. She helpe
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surprising if she did. The Choctaw
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understand history, how they practi
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indeed fought in every war since th
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US, given that the US was not Black
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Malcolm understood well the connect
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me think in terms of American’s i
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In the following scene in the docum
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the land, isn’t four hundred year
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For the majority of white Americans
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this growing unity is the best assu
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with hardly any people of color wil
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did their best to understand how th
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“It was not until Malcolm X came
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lived there. What about their claim
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and operates under a racist and imm
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oth deeply invested in Black civil
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challenge the assumed authority of
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Committee. BWLC, with Frances Beal
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international monopoly finance capi
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Conference on Indigenous Peoples an
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awarded until 2011, and discontinue
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CHAPTER SEVEN BLACK AND INDIGENOUS
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practices and incorporate them into
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e performing minstrelsy without eve
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influenced by racist oppression, th
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Beyond the specifics of this incide
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acism and sexism, as well as across
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there is hardly any chance in hell
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For example, in July 2007, in Detro
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No one wants to be a r*dsk*n. It is
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even absurdly funny. The use of the
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was trying to make. Jones responded
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Desus sarcastically adds, “How ca
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CHAPTER EIGHT THE MATTER OF BLACK A
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Indigenous and Latinx police, “sh
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protester and getting hit with them
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Native people’s use of tropes, sl
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CONCLUSION THE POSSIBILITIES FOR AF
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“they are the problem” and tell
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oppression and white supremacy. . .
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movements.” 14 We can learn from
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est to acknowledge the importance o
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Ta-Nehisi Coates’s fantastic arti
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- Page 220 and 221: Emory University. Thank you to the
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- Page 250 and 251: Dyson, Michael Eric, 140, 149 Eagle
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- Page 264 and 265: Wheatley, Phillis, xxii, 8-10, 14,
- Page 266 and 267: North and South American activists
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