An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States

Beck, Abaki, 143, 144
The Beginning and End of Rape (Deer), 143
Belcourt, Billy-Ray, 167–68
Bellecourt, Clyde, 109, 112–13, 133
Bellecourt, Vernon, 112, 130, 131, 132
belonging: of Black Americans, xix–xx, 28–29, 92–99, 177–78; Cuffe on, 13–14; Garvey and UNIA
on, 61–66; of Native Americans, xxi, 91–92; of white people, xviii–xix, 18–19. See also
citizenship; identity
Bennett, Robert L., 119
Berkeley, William, xvi
Berry, Daina Ramey, 176
Between the World and Me (Coates), 82–83
Big Mountain, Arizona, 130
Biko, Steve, 169
Bilbo, Theodore, 57
Bilge, Sirma, 144
birthright citizenship, xx, 5, 102, 113. See also citizenship; Freedmen of the Five Tribes
Bitch Media (publication), 143
Black Americans: ACS on, 43–45; belonging of, xix–xx, 28–29, 92–99, 177–78; Black Lives Matter
movement, xiv, 84, 89, 163–66, 218n10; Black Panther Party, 122, 123–26; Black Power
movement, 13–133, 165–66, 214n53; Buffalo Soldiers, xiii, 170; civil rights movement, 81–83,
174; cultural appropriation of, 28, 134–38, 157; Ellison on, 30–31; hip-hop culture of, 137–38,
149, 152; –Indigenous futures, 157, 167–85; Jefferson on, 23, 25, 26; N-word and, 147–50, 151;
police violence against, xiv, xxiii, 89, 90, 142, 159, 161, 163–65, 170; in Poor People’s
Campaign, 117–22; popular culture of, 137–38, 140; on racist mascots, 153–54; resistance to
police violence, 163–66; UNIA of, 61–66; URC of, 57, 66–75, 208nn45–46. See also Afro-
Indigenous Americans; enslaved Africans; Indigenous Africans; resistance; names of specific
persons
Black Codes, 50
Black culture. See popular culture
Black English (African American Vernacular English), 27, 35, 137–38. See also language
blackface (minstrelsy), 134, 137–38. See also cultural appropriation; racism
Blackfeet, 76, 143
Black feminism. See feminisms
Black Hawk (Sauk leader), 60
Blackhorse, Amanda, 150
Black-Indian, as term, xiii. See also Afro-Indigenous Americans
Black Labor, White Wealth (Anderson), 33
Black Liberation Army (BLA), 125, 126
Black Lives Matter movement, xiv, 84, 89, 161, 163–66, 218n10. See also Black Americans;
Movement for Black Lives; police violence; resistance
Black Marxism (Robinson), xviii
Black nationalism, xx; Blain on, 57; of Garvey and UNIA, 61–66; of Malcolm X, 94–96; RNA, 114–
17. See also reparations; resistance
Black (inter)nationalism. See internationalism
Black Panther Party, 122, 123–26. See also Black Americans; resistance
Black Power movement, 13–133, 165–66, 214n53. See also Black Americans; resistance
Black Power: The Politics of Liberation (Carmichael and Hamilton), 110
Black Reconstruction in America (D Bois), 4, 30, 31 69, 89
Black Scholar (publication), 108, 122–23, 127