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GUIAS HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL.indb - Scc

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Revista Colombiana de Cardiología<br />

Febrero 2007<br />

daño renal y reduce el riesgo de padecer eventos cardio-vasculares,<br />

así mismo se logra una presión arterial<br />

menor de 125/75 mm Hg en enfermedad renal crónica<br />

con proteinuria mayor a 1 gramo. Los medicamentos que<br />

bloquean el sistema renina–angiotensina son superiores<br />

para retrasar la progresión del daño renal. En nefropatía<br />

no diabética los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora<br />

de angiotensina deben ser la terapia de primera línea<br />

en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, usados<br />

como terapia individual o como parte de una terapia<br />

combinada hasta lograr obtener cifras adecuadas de<br />

presión arterial.<br />

Sebastián Vélez Peláez<br />

Nota del editor<br />

La enfermedad renal asociada a hipertensión arterial,<br />

es un aspecto fundamental a tener en cuenta<br />

en el tra-tamiento de ésta. El riesgo renal asociado a<br />

hipertensión arterial, se presenta incluso en pacientes<br />

con presión normal alta, quienes tienen doble de riesgo<br />

que los individuos con presión óptima (35). El riesgo<br />

renal tiene mayor asociación con la presión sistólica<br />

que con la diastólica.<br />

A todo paciente hipertenso debe hacérsele una estimación<br />

de la función renal al principio de la evaluación,<br />

y luego periódicamente de acuerdo con su evolución.<br />

La medición de la creatinina sérica sola no es suficiente;<br />

la filtración glomerular debe estimarse siempre, lo cual<br />

puede hacerse empleando las fórmulas de Cockroft<br />

- Gault o MDRD (usualmente no es necesario medirla<br />

directamente) (36-38). Ello es de particular importancia<br />

en pacientes de edad avanzada, en quienes el deterioro<br />

de la función renal puede acompañarse de cifras no muy<br />

elevadas de creatinina sérica. El límite inferior aceptado<br />

como normal es de 60 mL/min (39).<br />

Fórmula de Cockroft-Gault<br />

Filtración glomerular = (140-edad) x peso (kg)/creatinina sérica (mg/dL) x 72<br />

(multiplicar por 0,85 en mujeres)<br />

Fórmula MDRD simplificada<br />

Filtración glomerular (mL/min/1,73 m 2 = 186 x creatinina sérica-1.154 x edad-0,203<br />

(multiplicar por 0,742 en mujeres y por 1,21 en personas de raza negra)<br />

Vol. 13 Suplemento 1<br />

ISSN 0120-5633<br />

Bibliografía<br />

277<br />

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