Den höga sjukfrånvaron - Statens folkhälsoinstitut

More documents

Recommendations

Info

16 den höga sjukfrånvaron – sanning och konsekvens The trend in the 1990s was different to that of the 1980s in that short-term sickness absence decreased considerably whereas long-term sickness absence increased. It is feasible therefore that more short-term sickness absence might be linked to fewer cases of long-term sick leave and a decreased risk of exclusion caused by early retirement – a phenomenon that warrants further study. Making employers pay for the first two or three weeks of sick pay seems not yet to have provided them with an incentive to take measures to reduce sickness absence. Sick leave in Sweden exhibits a clear tendency to decrease in times of poor economic growth and rising unemployment and increase in times of good growth and falling unemployment. The possible links are both manifold and difficult to interpret. People with impaired health who are often off sick are increasingly being downsized in connection with downward economic trends. Furthermore, not having a job can have a negative effect on one’s health. On average, unemployed people are on sick leave for much longer than those who work. On the other hand, the high number of people on long-term sick leave seems not to depend on previously unemployed people re-entering the labour market and subsequently becoming long-term ill. There are substantial regional differences in sickness absence but the majority of the Swedish population live in urban areas and so these differences have little bearing on the aggregate national statistics. Since the middle of the 1990s, sick leave has increased proportionately in all Swedish municipalities, including those that are the healthiest. This does not prevent us, however, from learning valuable lessons from municipalities and industries that have managed to curb the increase in sickness absence more successfully than others. The physical work environment has on average improved over the last decade, but this has mostly happened at male-dominated workplaces in the private sector. It seems to be the case that the connection between a poor psychosocial work environment and sick leave has become stronger over time and that the former has a greater bearing on sick leave among women than among men. The trend in recent years indicates that there are significant organizational problems at many workplaces, especially in the public sector, that have led to increased sickness absence. summary 17 Studies of staff rationalizations and expansions at various companies have shown that recurring, major enlargements in the size of a workforce (often the result of workplace centralization) lead to a marked increase in both hospital admissions and cases of long-term sick leave. It also seems to be the case that people with little scope for taking their own initiative at the workplace (having low decision latitude) are more affected by increasing demands than others. It is also primarily in these groups where sickness absence is increasing. It is clear that employees who exercise little influence over their work encounter difficulties in the rehabilitation process. If the workplace cannot be adapted and changed, it is often difficult for the employee to return. If an employee has a higher degree of influence, however, a period of illness need not lead to long-term sick leave. It is not clear how our increased knowledge about exhaustion and other long-term stress-related disorders is being utilised in sick leave procedures, but it would be reasonable to expect extended periods of sick leave. Unfortunately, we lack both knowledge and resources when it comes to rehabilitating exhaustion-sufferers, but granting people long-term sick leave without taking any remedial measures is probably counter-productive and prolongs suffering. In recent years, there has been a substantial outflow of people from working life as the result of increased long-term sickness absence and early retirement due to disability. At the same time, many ailing and sick people are being screened out of working life on a more permanent basis. Working life seems to cater less and less for the requirements of such people. Scientific evidence for the potentially positive impact the occupational health service may have on sickness absence is currently scant, even if some companies have reported their own success stories. Greater involvement by the occupational health service would probably require better coordination with the insurance system and public co-financing. Swedish working life is strongly segregated by gender. A potentially important difference between the work environments of men and women, which may shed more light on the link between ill-health and sickness absence, is the degree to which the workplace can be adapted for ill-health sufferers and the kind of attendance requirements placed upon employees. Studies that have looked into different combinations of work and family responsibilities cannot provide any clear evidence to substantiate the claim
18 den höga sjukfrånvaron – sanning och konsekvens that multiple roles might be a contributory factor to gender differences in sick leave. The fact that the sick leave statistics for men and women in the same profession and sector are mostly similar underlines the importance of the work. Those on part-term sick leave say they are in a poorer state of health and to a greater extent believe they will not be able to fully return to work, compared to those on full-time sick leave. Furthermore, a greater proportion of those on part-time sick leave express the desire to retire early and receive disability pension. Although there seems to be a positive side to part-time sick leave in that the individual does not completely lose contact with working life, it is nevertheless a complex phenomenon. It is by no means self-explanatory that part-time sick leave should form part of the solution to the sick leave problem. The level of efficiency in social insurance administration may explain some of the major regional differences. This is confirmed by experiences in Finland and Germany where the social insurance administrations employ a more structured working method involving the employer, the occupational health service and the mainstream health service. Despite substantially more interest being shown in research into sickness absence and a relatively large number of publications in the field, there are several important aspects on which insufficient light has yet to be shed. These include the nature of the link between different aspects of health, morbidity and sickness absence. One important issue is whether the increase in alcohol consumption has had or will have an impact on sickness absence. Another is how the terms associated with various parts of the social insurance system affect the number of people reporting in sick. It is equally important to follow up and evaluate the many measures recently implemented to reduce sickness absence. It is important to analyse which of these have been the most effective. To highlight these and other issues, the intention is to publish at least one more knowledge-based anthology on sickness absence within the framework of the SAFIR cooperation project. This is planned for the spring of 2005.
Page 1 and 2: År 2003 var de sammanlagda statlig
Page 3 and 4: ©Statens folkhälsoinstitut R 2004
Page 5 and 6: Kapitel 11. Kan företagshälsovår
Page 7 and 8: 10 den höga sjukfrånvaron - sanni
Page 9: 14 den höga sjukfrånvaron - sanni
Page 13 and 14: 1. BAKGRUND OCH SYFTE Christer Hogs
Page 15: 24 den höga sjukfrånvaron - sanni
Page 18 and 19: 2. SJUKSKRIVNINGEN I SVERIGE - INLE
Page 40 and 41: Summa sjukpenning mkr 72 den höga
Page 46 and 47: 3. DELTIDSSJUKSKRIVNING - INDIVID,
Page 56 and 57: 102 den höga sjukfrånvaron - sann
Page 58 and 59: 106 den höga sjukfrånvaron - sann
Page 60 and 61:
110 den höga sjukfrånvaron - sann
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 67 and 68:
4. ARBETSLIV OCH SJUKFRÅNVARO
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81:
Page 84 and 85:
5. SAMBAND MELLAN SJUKSKRIVNING OCH
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
6. VARFÖR ÄR KVINNOR MER SJUKSKRI
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110:
Page 113 and 114:
7. JU FÄRRE VI ÄR TILLSAMMANS...
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
8. JU FÄRRE VI ÄR TILLSAMMANS...
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
9. STRESSMEKANISMER OCH SJUKSKRIVNI
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
10. DÖDLIGHET BLAND SJUKSKRIVNA OC
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
11. KAN FÖRETAGSHÄLSOVÅRDEN LÖS
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
12. VARFÖR ÄR SJUKFRÅNVARON SÅ
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195:
show all

Den höga sjukfrånvaron - Statens folkhälsoinstitut

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?