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106 Prot1lises. his death neither makes the performance impracticable, nor implies any consent to release the promiser from it. 6. p;:ronco~1 promises _~r~ not bi~d~1!&_ in certa~. cas~~i as, -First, Where t'!..e_ el'!'~! ~oce~ds_f!om the ~~take or misrepresentatI()n
PrOiiliscs. 107 both pClrties; and this belief of his is the precise cir. CUIDstance \vhich sets him free. The foundation of the rule is plainly this; a man is bound only to satis. fy the expectation which he intended to excite j whatever condition, therefore, he intended to sub. ject that expectation to, becomes an essential condi. tion of the promise. Errors, which co~e". not within t~is descripti~n" do not annul the oblIgatIon of a pro!lllse. I pronusel a candidate my vote; presently another candidate appears, for whom I certainly would hove reserved" it, had I been acquainted with his design. " Here, therefore, as before, lny promise proceeded from an error; and I never should have given such a promise, had I been aware of the truth of ~he case, .as it has turned out; but the pro!Jlise£ did not know thishe did not receive the promise subject to any such. condition, or as proceeding from any such supposition; nor did I at the time imagine he. so· received. it. This error, therefore, of mine, must faIl upoa . my own head, and the promist! be observed notwithstanding. A father promises a certain fortune with" his daughter, supposing himself to be worth so much; - his circumstances turn out, upon eY.llminatiQB,·.: worse tllan he was aware of. Here agail;l the· prom~ ise \\'as erl·oneous, but, for the reason assigned in the last case, will neverrhel{:ss be obligatory. 1'he case of erroneous promises is attended with sonle difficulty; for to allow every mistake, or 'l change of circumstances to dissolve the obligatioll ot" • a promise, would be to allow a latitude, which Inight . t c,7acuate tIle force of allll0s~ all pronlises; and, 011 , the other hand, to gird the obligation so tight, as to . make no allowances for manifest and fUlldamental errors, would, in many instances, be productive G-f great hardship and absurdity. It hclS long been controverted amongst moralists, "/ whe~he"r promi~es be binding, w_hkh anu~xtor.!£d by 9j vi2re.n~e orlear. The obligation of all promises re·
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PRINCIPLES OP MOlUL AND POLITICAL P
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[ iv ] to advance the discovery, co
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[ vi ] tion, with '\vhich the grati
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PREFACE. IN the treatises that I ha
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I'ltEF AC 'f:. . Xl planations whic
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RFYACE. Inanner may be P.elt~ .. fj
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PREFACE. eci ; l'l('r 2 tllat i~ !i
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CON'T EN'1S. BOOK I. PR~LIMI NARY C
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BOOK III. PART III.-Of R!:LATIVE DU
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$ 5= If BOOK I. r == Preliminary Co
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The LlrdJ of the Ltmd. 25 Whereas e
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The Scriptures .. 27 gence and comp
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The Moral Sen.re'. Now the question
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The Moral Sense. 31 have been set u
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The Moral Sense. 53 Another conside
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Htl11llJR HoppineJ~. 58 sages of wh
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HU~lan HappitlclI. 37 the pleasures
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IIlilJZan Ilappincsse 39 ~tullious
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Hunlon Happine;fs. 41 makes no diff
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IJunlon IItIPpil1CSJ. It scr:-ins t
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HlU1f!an Happiness. 45 than what is
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Human Happiness. 3ame sum of money:
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Virtue. 49 Towards God; as piety, r
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Virtue. 5i might not indulge his hu
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59 a just economy I)f Providence, t
Page 51 and 52: Tr· ~ Irlue". \vhich 113th ten tal
Page 53 and 54: Moral Obliglltitm. 57 (as will appe
Page 55 and 56: M ol'al Obligation. 59 CHAPTER III.
Page 57 and 58: The Willo/'God. .61 -I work. The_~f
Page 59 and 60: The Divine Benevolence. The llletho
Page 61 and 62: The Divine Bene'Voiente. 65 the use
Page 63 and 64: LTtiJity. 67 and pe9ury; or ~ust j
Page 65 and 66: The Necessity oJGeneral Rules. i,9
Page 67 and 68: General Come'luetlces pursued. 71 j
Page 69 and 70: Of Right • . Frf'm the principles
Page 71 and 72: The Division of Rights. 75 with the
Page 73 and 74: ------ ."-~ ....... ___ .i --- ____
Page 75 and 76: The Djtt'isi~n of Rights. 79 him th
Page 77 and 78: The General Rights of 1Jfankind. 81
Page 79 and 80: The General Rights of Mankind. 83 c
Page 81 and 82: The General Rightl oj M4itHnJ. 85 w
Page 83 and 84: . " . • BOOK III . Relative D ttt
Page 85 and 86: Institution of Properly. .9 this so
Page 87 and 88: The History oj Property. 91 the sec
Page 89 and 90: PrDperty in Land. 98 neighbourhood,
Page 91 and 92: Property in Land. 95 these accounts
Page 93 and 94: Pronziscs. 97 rice of the demand up
Page 95 and 96: Pronlises. 99 interve" ~jon of prom
Page 97 and 98: Promises 101 you must gu~rd YOt'r e
Page 99 and 100: ProT/lises. lOS whatever she asked,
Page 101: Promises. 105 their obligation; for
Page 105 and 106: Contracls. 109 made. The few instan
Page 107 and 108: i1i ranit in the thing to be sold,
Page 109 and 110: Contracts of Hazard. 11 g exception
Page 111 and 112: Contracts of Lending, Ufc. 115 hims
Page 113 and 114: Contracts concerning the Lending Gl
Page 115 and 116: Lending of Mone'y' 119 It is a ques
Page 117 and 118: Lending 'J/ JJfoney 121 JYdts it ou
Page 119 and 120: Service. 123 Clerks and apprentices
Page 121 and 122: Commissions. 125 them that are your
Page 123 and 124: C'OlnnlisJ ions, 127 !ies at the ti
Page 125 and 126: 1~9 l)c diminished, by this rule B
Page 127 and 128: J,~ O./fices. lSI every duty, which
Page 129 and 130: ( ~. . f 1" .) h- h Ie h· t l:crt?
Page 131 and 132: Lies. IS5 Nice distinctions are OUt
Page 133 and 134: • Olllhs. 137 .£.. mongst the Gr
Page 135 and 136: Oaths. 189 great King; neither shal
Page 137 and 138: 14-1 knowledge, power, and justit~,
Page 139 and 140: Ooth if Alltgill1W. ~quaint~--d ; b
Page 141 and 142: 145 , 1 Y happens in despotic gover
Page 143 and 144: 14-7 Jr for my use 2nd benefit, dir
Page 145 and 146: Oath against Sim1n)'. 14-9 - ... .-
Page 147 and 148: SltbjcripliolU to Articles of Rdigi
Page 149 and 150: ISS ~Jr between the teachers and th
Page 151 and 152: Wills. }55 man make his will, devis
Page 153 and 154:
-7-· •• $';' liiI. ;nay b~ equ
Page 155 and 156:
·'. i t - -- BOOK III. 3 p- .Relat
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Slavery. 161 that good usage is thr
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Sil/r;)cry. 163 after all, what is
Page 161 and 162:
Professional Assiltonte. 165 oirgum
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p&cunillT] Bounll. CHAPTER v. CHARI
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PctUrJaTl Bounll· 169 pitiating th
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Pecunia'), Bounty. 1 '71 benefactor
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Pecuniary BOllnty. 173 s~~th in sec
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Pecuniary Bounty. i7S 5. " 'I'hat t
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177- It becomes sinful, or contradi
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Re1Je11gc. 179 I say this~ and you
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Revenge. 181 fi·om us a vote to wh
Page 179 and 180:
Duelling. 183 ..,irtue itself: The
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Duel/ing. 18:5 1n return, I forbear
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LitigaticlZ. 187 whilst others desp
Page 185 and 186:
Graljttide~ 189 ;OU5 00 ~ks or pict
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i91 CHAPTER XII. SLANDER. SPEAKING
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Slander, 19S sins of inconsideratio
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1. The private comfort of individua
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lornicatiott. ]-97 .,.,ho infest po
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Fornication. 199 the danger of grea
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Seduct;~n. 201 mischief from so mea
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20S As a woman collects her virtue
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Adultery- AU behaviour, which is de
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Adultery. to accuse him before the
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POlyg411lY· 209 wit.hin three degr
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Polygamy. 211 they may be likely to
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Of DifJOrte. 21S The ancient Med~s
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Of Divorce. 21S ~uring the jodit li
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Of DifJorte. ~17 of personal imbeci
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Of D jvorcc. 219 and her marrying a
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Marriage. 221 CHAPTER VIII. MARRIAG
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Marriage. institution, or the plain
Page 221 and 222:
Duty of Parents. 225 Ination of the
Page 223 and 224:
DUly of Parents 227 that the parent
Page 225 and 226:
Duty of P arenls. 229 ifying, if no
Page 227 and 228:
DUly of PaTenll. 231 .Ali attention
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Dlil1 ~f P I1rtnls. any case justi!
Page 231 and 232:
Dut! if ParentI. 235 consult a chil
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Rights of Parents. 287 Something li
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Dut, rf Chi/dre.n. 256 90ns in nune
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Dldy if Cl-ildrm. A parent has, in
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DIlIJ r/ ChiJdrnt. 248 and not that
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not be contended to be for the augm
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CHAPTER n. 247 DRUNKENNESS. DR Ulf-
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Drunkenne/J'. ~49 tirunken revels o
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Fouch a tavern. 251 And this may be
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Suicide. 259 propose many possible
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SuicilJe. p('rhaps, than the most p
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Su;cidl. .257 -.A. seeking relief i
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• • • ... BOOK v. Duties f07.
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DUly tmd Efficocy of PrtlJcr. agre~
Page 259 and 260:
Duty and Efficacy oj PraJ'er. 26S a
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Duty Qlui FJicacy oj Prayer. 26:) .
Page 263 and 264:
DUly Ilnd Efficacy cf Prayer. 267 ~
Page 265 and 266:
Duty and Efficacy oj Pr(Jyer 269 Go
Page 267 and 268:
Duty lind Efficacy oj Pray!,., 27!
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Duty and Efficacy of Prayer. 273 ~h
Page 271 and 272:
Farms 0/ Prayer in Public liVorship
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277 prayer composed in one age, bec
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til Public fVorJblp. ence, and. the
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Sabbatical ltzltituli()llS oy silen
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Sabbatical InstitutiollS. not more
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·the LlJrd h;J.fh gi1Jen you tht :
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Sabl'aticai [lUi ituti(ins. 287 1£
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289 tllents, which, if a man do, he
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Sabllaticai Institut;oI1S. stituted
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[~batical Institution!. 293 tloy of
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Yio/atiCin of the Christintl Sabbat
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Uf Re·vcrcnci12g tbe Deil)'. £crv
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Vi Reverencing the Deii] :299 .auth
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Of Rt1.Jermcing tbe Dcit),. Christ
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01 Reverencing the Dei1fmanagement
Page 301 and 302:
BOOK VI. ?Z - -- -- -. 5-----, 5 -
Page 303 and 304:
.f),jpin fI.f ,-~ivil Gavtrnmtnt. '
Page 305 and 306:
Subjection to Civil GO'lJernmcm. S0
Page 307 and 308:
,., ,.. ". -I G 4)Utijtct:~'!! t~ ~
Page 309 and 310:
S"bi!'c!i{)n to Civil Govermnent. .
Page 311 and 312:
Duty of Suhmission expjoined. g 1 S
Page 313 and 314:
Duty oj Submission explained. S~ 7
Page 315 and 316:
Dut! of Supmissi(Jn explained. 319
Page 317 and 318:
Duty of SuomissiolJ tltplaitlld. "1
Page 319 and 320:
~reign Dut.y t SZlbmi!Jion explaine
Page 321 and 322:
DUly oj Submission explainetJ. J2J
Page 323 and 324:
Duty of C:'L'i/ Obedience. 827 ~mpo
Page 325 and 326:
as staled in the ScriplureJ. 329 Jo
Page 327 and 328:
as s/lIled in the Scriptures. SSI t
Page 329 and 330:
itS stated in the Scripture&\. ~~::
Page 331 and 332:
33J ;Jose, the com~un~calion of. hu
Page 333 and 334:
~i10uili be con,- ~ved to a lazaret
Page 335 and 336:
Ci'IJil Liberty. 399 the exclusive
Page 337 and 338:
841 III. A REPUBLIC, or democracy,
Page 339 and 340:
if G(;'V{r1l1lltnt. -845 The same o
Page 341 and 342:
or et'en by the la\Vles5 wiil of an
Page 343 and 344:
tif Government. 347 most liable to
Page 345 and 346:
British Constitution .. 549 these c
Page 347 and 348:
British C011siitution. 351 Mo~t of
Page 349 and 350:
'~O be delivered from tIle uneasine
Page 351 and 352:
British Constitution. S5~; Qf gover
Page 353 and 354:
Britisli Constitution. 857 The repr
Page 355 and 356:
British COlzstitution. S59 .. i.s c
Page 357 and 358:
Britis/l COIlSlilliltOll. S61 ~1l c
Page 359 and 360:
SSg ,·Lnd \\:jtl:. the sentiments
Page 361 and 362:
Bril'iJh Constitution. ~65 usually
Page 363 and 364:
British Constitution. S67 first pla
Page 365 and 366:
British Constitution. 369 dlan what
Page 367 and 368:
lJritjsh Constltutio1J, grea.:, or
Page 369 and 370:
Britisl, CCllS Iii zlti{;r;. ~ny rp
Page 371 and 372:
Of the Administration of J:!stice.
Page 373 and 374:
OJ"the Adnzmistratifin of lustice.
Page 375 and 376:
Of the Administration of Justice. 3
Page 377 and 378:
Of the AdminiJtration if Justice. :
Page 379 and 380:
OJ the Administratioll if Justice.
Page 381 and 382:
·"reai.~r inconn~ni~n~v than that
Page 383 and 384:
OJ :he .Adm;'l:drut;~1E of Justice.
Page 385 and 386:
Of tilt A.Jminislration of Justice.
Page 387 and 388:
Of the Administration of JustiGe. ~
Page 389 and 390:
Of tbe Administration oj Justice. 3
Page 391 and 392:
Of Crimes a1ld Punisbm~ntJ. 395 to
Page 393 and 394:
Of Crimes olzd Punishments. 897 oft
Page 395 and 396:
Of Crimes and Punishmentl. agg of h
Page 397 and 398:
(}JA Crill1t'S fllZd Pll1lishnzents
Page 399 and 400:
Of Crimes and Punishments. 4:03 the
Page 401 and 402:
Of Crimel and Punisl}mentl. 405 the
Page 403 and 404:
OJ Crimes and Punishments. 407 with
Page 405 and 406:
Vf' G'ri1llts lind PunZSiJnlents. 4
Page 407 and 408:
Of Crimes and Punishments. 41 ] to
Page 409 and 410:
Of Crimes and Punisbmccts. 413 spee
Page 411 and 412:
Of Religous Ertahlishmenls. ..15 ra
Page 413 and 414:
alld oj"'l o/eratloIZ. 417 other el
Page 415 and 416:
an.d of Toleration .• 419 . fl()~
Page 417 and 418:
I and if Toleration. 421 (·:'SS of
Page 419 and 420:
tllzd 'f ToleratiDn. 42S without S0
Page 421 and 422:
and ofTol1!'N: 1 ion. 425 some soli
Page 423 and 424:
.nd of Tolerllt;on. 427 tic!es to b
Page 425 and 426:
and of Toleration. 4i9 hCi:8 transg
Page 427 and 428:
and of To/el-at;(jn. 481 I I to be
Page 429 and 430:
and if Tolel.1tiol;. 4SS fonn of Ch
Page 431 and 432:
and if Toleration. 435 stance, and
Page 433 and 434:
I fended. and of 11!craliolt. 4S7 O
Page 435 and 436:
and of Toleration. 4:59 I I • I a
Page 437 and 438:
~·i.\r:cr,ltl(rt, ail j CI)Jl11}le
Page 439 and 440:
Agriculture, and Commrrcc. 44-5 ..:
Page 441 and 442:
"5 Agriculture, op.d Cr;mmfr(e. hab
Page 443 and 444:
Agricullure, and CfJ11lmertt. 447 !
Page 445 and 446:
Agriculture, and Commerce. . 449 I
Page 447 and 448:
; I l , I I I r . Agriculture, OM C
Page 449 and 450:
Agriculture, IJnd Commerce. 4.,9 th
Page 451 and 452:
Agriculture, and Commerce. 4!JJ ula
Page 453 and 454:
Atritulture, Il7ld Commerce. 411 A
Page 455 and 456:
A'gricultuI"lJ, and Commf:rci. 459
Page 457 and 458:
AgritUJture, and Cotnmtrte. 46! or
Page 459 and 460:
Agriculture, and Commerce. 463 •
Page 461 and 462:
6! ·." ...,.. r , , C I I ,. .,. ,
Page 463 and 464:
... ~gricultilrC', alz,i C01Iln}Cre
Page 465 and 466:
Agriculture, 011d Conlmerce. 46£1
Page 467 and 468:
Agriculture, and Commerce. 471 tion
Page 469 and 470:
Agriculture, and Commerce. .7S From
Page 471 and 472:
t I ! ~ ,. ;1 f ~" . Agriculture~ a
Page 473 and 474:
0/ War, and of lAiiita,., E!tablizh
Page 475 and 476:
Milit~ry Establisbments. 479 t.hat
Page 477 and 478:
i~lililary Ejtabjishmcnlj~ 481 newl
Page 479 and 480:
Mi/itor1 Establishments. 483 to vin
Page 481 and 482:
Military Establishments. 485 edges
Page 483 and 484:
llIilitary E;tahlishmellis. 487 gen
Page 485 and 486:
MI",';t', r), Frfnl,l; r j'"J1r.";t
Page 487 and 488:
• J.~iili:ary Estttblishments. 49
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