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XlV l' It}l;F A C!:.. he ~ha1] make, toany system vf public rneasures-is as mtlell a qtlestjoll of personal duty, as much cnncerns the cons(:iencf: of the individual ,vho cleliberatest as the deie:-nlinatiun ~i~ any (!oubt which relates to the conduct of private life; that consequently political philosophy is, )roperly speaking, ~ continuation of moral philosophy; or 'Clther indeccl a IJ3\"t of it, SUl)po~ing moral philusophy to have for its aito the infOI-mation of the hurna,) cOllseience ill every deJibeleatir;D that is likely to COlne before it. I might avail 11lyself of these ex· cuses, if I \'!anted them; but the vindicdtion upon \\-hich I J"ely is the following. In stating the principle of morals, the 'reader "'ill observe that I have employed some indtlstl"Y in explaining the theory, and she,vlng the necessity tlf genrral rules; without the full alld constant consideration of which, I am per~uaded that 110 iystem of mora) }lhilosophy can be satisfactory or consistent~ This foundation being laid, or ratIler this habit being forlned, the discussion of political Stllljects, to which, more thaI) to almost any other, general rules are applicable, becam~ clear and easy. 'Vhereas; had these tOI)ies been assigned to a distinct work. it \vould li4lVe beel} lleccssary to ~ave repeated tIle same rudiments, to have es- "tablishetl over again the same prin
PREFACE. eci ; l'l('r 2 tllat i~ !ilHe~ of tranquility th~y are no! wanted; i~ tin-.es of confusioll they are n\~'-cr heard. This representation how .. ever, ill my opinion, i~ i10t just. Times of tumult, it j., trtle, ?~:; "vi tin:: ::i!li4!S to lea, ... ; Lut the choice which men make of theIr ~i(le !l11d party, in the nl:>:'~ critical occasions of tIle t:ommon\veaJtn, Dlay Dt:l'ertheless d~pend upon the lessons t!1ey haye recei\~ed, the books they ha,40c read, and the opinions they have imbihcd, in seasons oi jeif)l~re and quie!ness. . .-e attended w itb anT ·useful consequences to either; SOffi
Page 1 and 2: PRINCIPLES OP MOlUL AND POLITICAL P
Page 3 and 4: [ iv ] to advance the discovery, co
Page 5 and 6: [ vi ] tion, with '\vhich the grati
Page 7 and 8: PREFACE. IN the treatises that I ha
Page 9 and 10: I'ltEF AC 'f:. . Xl planations whic
Page 11: RFYACE. Inanner may be P.elt~ .. fj
Page 15 and 16: CON'T EN'1S. BOOK I. PR~LIMI NARY C
Page 17 and 18: BOOK III. PART III.-Of R!:LATIVE DU
Page 19 and 20: $ 5= If BOOK I. r == Preliminary Co
Page 21 and 22: The LlrdJ of the Ltmd. 25 Whereas e
Page 23 and 24: The Scriptures .. 27 gence and comp
Page 25 and 26: The Moral Sen.re'. Now the question
Page 27 and 28: The Moral Sense. 31 have been set u
Page 29 and 30: The Moral Sense. 53 Another conside
Page 31 and 32: Htl11llJR HoppineJ~. 58 sages of wh
Page 33 and 34: HU~lan HappitlclI. 37 the pleasures
Page 35 and 36: IIlilJZan Ilappincsse 39 ~tullious
Page 37 and 38: Hunlon Happine;fs. 41 makes no diff
Page 39 and 40: IJunlon IItIPpil1CSJ. It scr:-ins t
Page 41 and 42: HlU1f!an Happiness. 45 than what is
Page 43 and 44: Human Happiness. 3ame sum of money:
Page 45 and 46: Virtue. 49 Towards God; as piety, r
Page 47 and 48: Virtue. 5i might not indulge his hu
Page 49 and 50: 59 a just economy I)f Providence, t
Page 51 and 52: Tr· ~ Irlue". \vhich 113th ten tal
Page 53 and 54: Moral Obliglltitm. 57 (as will appe
Page 55 and 56: M ol'al Obligation. 59 CHAPTER III.
Page 57 and 58: The Willo/'God. .61 -I work. The_~f
Page 59 and 60: The Divine Benevolence. The llletho
Page 61 and 62: The Divine Bene'Voiente. 65 the use
Page 63 and 64:
LTtiJity. 67 and pe9ury; or ~ust j
Page 65 and 66:
The Necessity oJGeneral Rules. i,9
Page 67 and 68:
General Come'luetlces pursued. 71 j
Page 69 and 70:
Of Right • . Frf'm the principles
Page 71 and 72:
The Division of Rights. 75 with the
Page 73 and 74:
------ ."-~ ....... ___ .i --- ____
Page 75 and 76:
The Djtt'isi~n of Rights. 79 him th
Page 77 and 78:
The General Rights of 1Jfankind. 81
Page 79 and 80:
The General Rights of Mankind. 83 c
Page 81 and 82:
The General Rightl oj M4itHnJ. 85 w
Page 83 and 84:
. " . • BOOK III . Relative D ttt
Page 85 and 86:
Institution of Properly. .9 this so
Page 87 and 88:
The History oj Property. 91 the sec
Page 89 and 90:
PrDperty in Land. 98 neighbourhood,
Page 91 and 92:
Property in Land. 95 these accounts
Page 93 and 94:
Pronziscs. 97 rice of the demand up
Page 95 and 96:
Pronlises. 99 interve" ~jon of prom
Page 97 and 98:
Promises 101 you must gu~rd YOt'r e
Page 99 and 100:
ProT/lises. lOS whatever she asked,
Page 101 and 102:
Promises. 105 their obligation; for
Page 103 and 104:
PrOiiliscs. 107 both pClrties; and
Page 105 and 106:
Contracls. 109 made. The few instan
Page 107 and 108:
i1i ranit in the thing to be sold,
Page 109 and 110:
Contracts of Hazard. 11 g exception
Page 111 and 112:
Contracts of Lending, Ufc. 115 hims
Page 113 and 114:
Contracts concerning the Lending Gl
Page 115 and 116:
Lending of Mone'y' 119 It is a ques
Page 117 and 118:
Lending 'J/ JJfoney 121 JYdts it ou
Page 119 and 120:
Service. 123 Clerks and apprentices
Page 121 and 122:
Commissions. 125 them that are your
Page 123 and 124:
C'OlnnlisJ ions, 127 !ies at the ti
Page 125 and 126:
1~9 l)c diminished, by this rule B
Page 127 and 128:
J,~ O./fices. lSI every duty, which
Page 129 and 130:
( ~. . f 1" .) h- h Ie h· t l:crt?
Page 131 and 132:
Lies. IS5 Nice distinctions are OUt
Page 133 and 134:
• Olllhs. 137 .£.. mongst the Gr
Page 135 and 136:
Oaths. 189 great King; neither shal
Page 137 and 138:
14-1 knowledge, power, and justit~,
Page 139 and 140:
Ooth if Alltgill1W. ~quaint~--d ; b
Page 141 and 142:
145 , 1 Y happens in despotic gover
Page 143 and 144:
14-7 Jr for my use 2nd benefit, dir
Page 145 and 146:
Oath against Sim1n)'. 14-9 - ... .-
Page 147 and 148:
SltbjcripliolU to Articles of Rdigi
Page 149 and 150:
ISS ~Jr between the teachers and th
Page 151 and 152:
Wills. }55 man make his will, devis
Page 153 and 154:
-7-· •• $';' liiI. ;nay b~ equ
Page 155 and 156:
·'. i t - -- BOOK III. 3 p- .Relat
Page 157 and 158:
Slavery. 161 that good usage is thr
Page 159 and 160:
Sil/r;)cry. 163 after all, what is
Page 161 and 162:
Professional Assiltonte. 165 oirgum
Page 163 and 164:
p&cunillT] Bounll. CHAPTER v. CHARI
Page 165 and 166:
PctUrJaTl Bounll· 169 pitiating th
Page 167 and 168:
Pecunia'), Bounty. 1 '71 benefactor
Page 169 and 170:
Pecuniary BOllnty. 173 s~~th in sec
Page 171 and 172:
Pecuniary Bounty. i7S 5. " 'I'hat t
Page 173 and 174:
177- It becomes sinful, or contradi
Page 175 and 176:
Re1Je11gc. 179 I say this~ and you
Page 177 and 178:
Revenge. 181 fi·om us a vote to wh
Page 179 and 180:
Duelling. 183 ..,irtue itself: The
Page 181 and 182:
Duel/ing. 18:5 1n return, I forbear
Page 183 and 184:
LitigaticlZ. 187 whilst others desp
Page 185 and 186:
Graljttide~ 189 ;OU5 00 ~ks or pict
Page 187 and 188:
i91 CHAPTER XII. SLANDER. SPEAKING
Page 189 and 190:
Slander, 19S sins of inconsideratio
Page 191 and 192:
1. The private comfort of individua
Page 193 and 194:
lornicatiott. ]-97 .,.,ho infest po
Page 195 and 196:
Fornication. 199 the danger of grea
Page 197 and 198:
Seduct;~n. 201 mischief from so mea
Page 199 and 200:
20S As a woman collects her virtue
Page 201 and 202:
Adultery- AU behaviour, which is de
Page 203 and 204:
Adultery. to accuse him before the
Page 205 and 206:
POlyg411lY· 209 wit.hin three degr
Page 207 and 208:
Polygamy. 211 they may be likely to
Page 209 and 210:
Of DifJOrte. 21S The ancient Med~s
Page 211 and 212:
Of Divorce. 21S ~uring the jodit li
Page 213 and 214:
Of DifJorte. ~17 of personal imbeci
Page 215 and 216:
Of D jvorcc. 219 and her marrying a
Page 217 and 218:
Marriage. 221 CHAPTER VIII. MARRIAG
Page 219 and 220:
Marriage. institution, or the plain
Page 221 and 222:
Duty of Parents. 225 Ination of the
Page 223 and 224:
DUly of Parents 227 that the parent
Page 225 and 226:
Duty of P arenls. 229 ifying, if no
Page 227 and 228:
DUly of PaTenll. 231 .Ali attention
Page 229 and 230:
Dlil1 ~f P I1rtnls. any case justi!
Page 231 and 232:
Dut! if ParentI. 235 consult a chil
Page 233 and 234:
Rights of Parents. 287 Something li
Page 235 and 236:
Dut, rf Chi/dre.n. 256 90ns in nune
Page 237 and 238:
Dldy if Cl-ildrm. A parent has, in
Page 239 and 240:
DIlIJ r/ ChiJdrnt. 248 and not that
Page 241 and 242:
not be contended to be for the augm
Page 243 and 244:
CHAPTER n. 247 DRUNKENNESS. DR Ulf-
Page 245 and 246:
Drunkenne/J'. ~49 tirunken revels o
Page 247 and 248:
Fouch a tavern. 251 And this may be
Page 249 and 250:
Suicide. 259 propose many possible
Page 251 and 252:
SuicilJe. p('rhaps, than the most p
Page 253 and 254:
Su;cidl. .257 -.A. seeking relief i
Page 255 and 256:
• • • ... BOOK v. Duties f07.
Page 257 and 258:
DUly tmd Efficocy of PrtlJcr. agre~
Page 259 and 260:
Duty and Efficacy oj PraJ'er. 26S a
Page 261 and 262:
Duty Qlui FJicacy oj Prayer. 26:) .
Page 263 and 264:
DUly Ilnd Efficacy cf Prayer. 267 ~
Page 265 and 266:
Duty and Efficacy oj Pr(Jyer 269 Go
Page 267 and 268:
Duty lind Efficacy oj Pray!,., 27!
Page 269 and 270:
Duty and Efficacy of Prayer. 273 ~h
Page 271 and 272:
Farms 0/ Prayer in Public liVorship
Page 273 and 274:
277 prayer composed in one age, bec
Page 275 and 276:
til Public fVorJblp. ence, and. the
Page 277 and 278:
Sabbatical ltzltituli()llS oy silen
Page 279 and 280:
Sabbatical InstitutiollS. not more
Page 281 and 282:
·the LlJrd h;J.fh gi1Jen you tht :
Page 283 and 284:
Sabl'aticai [lUi ituti(ins. 287 1£
Page 285 and 286:
289 tllents, which, if a man do, he
Page 287 and 288:
Sabllaticai Institut;oI1S. stituted
Page 289 and 290:
[~batical Institution!. 293 tloy of
Page 291 and 292:
Yio/atiCin of the Christintl Sabbat
Page 293 and 294:
Uf Re·vcrcnci12g tbe Deil)'. £crv
Page 295 and 296:
Vi Reverencing the Deii] :299 .auth
Page 297 and 298:
Of Rt1.Jermcing tbe Dcit),. Christ
Page 299 and 300:
01 Reverencing the Dei1fmanagement
Page 301 and 302:
BOOK VI. ?Z - -- -- -. 5-----, 5 -
Page 303 and 304:
.f),jpin fI.f ,-~ivil Gavtrnmtnt. '
Page 305 and 306:
Subjection to Civil GO'lJernmcm. S0
Page 307 and 308:
,., ,.. ". -I G 4)Utijtct:~'!! t~ ~
Page 309 and 310:
S"bi!'c!i{)n to Civil Govermnent. .
Page 311 and 312:
Duty of Suhmission expjoined. g 1 S
Page 313 and 314:
Duty oj Submission explained. S~ 7
Page 315 and 316:
Dut! of Supmissi(Jn explained. 319
Page 317 and 318:
Duty of SuomissiolJ tltplaitlld. "1
Page 319 and 320:
~reign Dut.y t SZlbmi!Jion explaine
Page 321 and 322:
DUly oj Submission explainetJ. J2J
Page 323 and 324:
Duty of C:'L'i/ Obedience. 827 ~mpo
Page 325 and 326:
as staled in the ScriplureJ. 329 Jo
Page 327 and 328:
as s/lIled in the Scriptures. SSI t
Page 329 and 330:
itS stated in the Scripture&\. ~~::
Page 331 and 332:
33J ;Jose, the com~un~calion of. hu
Page 333 and 334:
~i10uili be con,- ~ved to a lazaret
Page 335 and 336:
Ci'IJil Liberty. 399 the exclusive
Page 337 and 338:
841 III. A REPUBLIC, or democracy,
Page 339 and 340:
if G(;'V{r1l1lltnt. -845 The same o
Page 341 and 342:
or et'en by the la\Vles5 wiil of an
Page 343 and 344:
tif Government. 347 most liable to
Page 345 and 346:
British Constitution .. 549 these c
Page 347 and 348:
British C011siitution. 351 Mo~t of
Page 349 and 350:
'~O be delivered from tIle uneasine
Page 351 and 352:
British Constitution. S5~; Qf gover
Page 353 and 354:
Britisli Constitution. 857 The repr
Page 355 and 356:
British COlzstitution. S59 .. i.s c
Page 357 and 358:
Britis/l COIlSlilliltOll. S61 ~1l c
Page 359 and 360:
SSg ,·Lnd \\:jtl:. the sentiments
Page 361 and 362:
Bril'iJh Constitution. ~65 usually
Page 363 and 364:
British Constitution. S67 first pla
Page 365 and 366:
British Constitution. 369 dlan what
Page 367 and 368:
lJritjsh Constltutio1J, grea.:, or
Page 369 and 370:
Britisl, CCllS Iii zlti{;r;. ~ny rp
Page 371 and 372:
Of the Administration of J:!stice.
Page 373 and 374:
OJ"the Adnzmistratifin of lustice.
Page 375 and 376:
Of the Administration of Justice. 3
Page 377 and 378:
Of the AdminiJtration if Justice. :
Page 379 and 380:
OJ the Administratioll if Justice.
Page 381 and 382:
·"reai.~r inconn~ni~n~v than that
Page 383 and 384:
OJ :he .Adm;'l:drut;~1E of Justice.
Page 385 and 386:
Of tilt A.Jminislration of Justice.
Page 387 and 388:
Of the Administration of JustiGe. ~
Page 389 and 390:
Of tbe Administration oj Justice. 3
Page 391 and 392:
Of Crimes a1ld Punisbm~ntJ. 395 to
Page 393 and 394:
Of Crimes olzd Punishments. 897 oft
Page 395 and 396:
Of Crimes and Punishmentl. agg of h
Page 397 and 398:
(}JA Crill1t'S fllZd Pll1lishnzents
Page 399 and 400:
Of Crimes and Punishments. 4:03 the
Page 401 and 402:
Of Crimel and Punisl}mentl. 405 the
Page 403 and 404:
OJ Crimes and Punishments. 407 with
Page 405 and 406:
Vf' G'ri1llts lind PunZSiJnlents. 4
Page 407 and 408:
Of Crimes and Punishments. 41 ] to
Page 409 and 410:
Of Crimes and Punisbmccts. 413 spee
Page 411 and 412:
Of Religous Ertahlishmenls. ..15 ra
Page 413 and 414:
alld oj"'l o/eratloIZ. 417 other el
Page 415 and 416:
an.d of Toleration .• 419 . fl()~
Page 417 and 418:
I and if Toleration. 421 (·:'SS of
Page 419 and 420:
tllzd 'f ToleratiDn. 42S without S0
Page 421 and 422:
and ofTol1!'N: 1 ion. 425 some soli
Page 423 and 424:
.nd of Tolerllt;on. 427 tic!es to b
Page 425 and 426:
and of Toleration. 4i9 hCi:8 transg
Page 427 and 428:
and of To/el-at;(jn. 481 I I to be
Page 429 and 430:
and if Tolel.1tiol;. 4SS fonn of Ch
Page 431 and 432:
and if Toleration. 435 stance, and
Page 433 and 434:
I fended. and of 11!craliolt. 4S7 O
Page 435 and 436:
and of Toleration. 4:59 I I • I a
Page 437 and 438:
~·i.\r:cr,ltl(rt, ail j CI)Jl11}le
Page 439 and 440:
Agriculture, and Commrrcc. 44-5 ..:
Page 441 and 442:
"5 Agriculture, op.d Cr;mmfr(e. hab
Page 443 and 444:
Agricullure, and CfJ11lmertt. 447 !
Page 445 and 446:
Agriculture, and Commerce. . 449 I
Page 447 and 448:
; I l , I I I r . Agriculture, OM C
Page 449 and 450:
Agriculture, IJnd Commerce. 4.,9 th
Page 451 and 452:
Agriculture, and Commerce. 4!JJ ula
Page 453 and 454:
Atritulture, Il7ld Commerce. 411 A
Page 455 and 456:
A'gricultuI"lJ, and Commf:rci. 459
Page 457 and 458:
AgritUJture, and Cotnmtrte. 46! or
Page 459 and 460:
Agriculture, and Commerce. 463 •
Page 461 and 462:
6! ·." ...,.. r , , C I I ,. .,. ,
Page 463 and 464:
... ~gricultilrC', alz,i C01Iln}Cre
Page 465 and 466:
Agriculture, 011d Conlmerce. 46£1
Page 467 and 468:
Agriculture, and Commerce. 471 tion
Page 469 and 470:
Agriculture, and Commerce. .7S From
Page 471 and 472:
t I ! ~ ,. ;1 f ~" . Agriculture~ a
Page 473 and 474:
0/ War, and of lAiiita,., E!tablizh
Page 475 and 476:
Milit~ry Establisbments. 479 t.hat
Page 477 and 478:
i~lililary Ejtabjishmcnlj~ 481 newl
Page 479 and 480:
Mi/itor1 Establishments. 483 to vin
Page 481 and 482:
Military Establishments. 485 edges
Page 483 and 484:
llIilitary E;tahlishmellis. 487 gen
Page 485 and 486:
MI",';t', r), Frfnl,l; r j'"J1r.";t
Page 487 and 488:
• J.~iili:ary Estttblishments. 49
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