ФІЛОЛОГІЯ XXI СТОЛІТТЯ: ТЕОРІЯ, ПРАКТИКА, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

These are new words formed from English morphemes independently
from an analogous English construct and with a different intended
meaning. For example, in German ‘Oldtimer’ (‘стара модель
автомобіля’) refers to an old car (or antique aircraft) rather than
an old person (‘ветеран’), while ‘Handy’ (‘мобільний телефон’)
refers to a mobile telephone.
Thus, ‘false friends of translators’ combine both partial
internationalisms, and pseudointernatsionalisms. It can be asked
how one (Ukrainian) can handle ‘translator’s false friends’. There is
still no definite answer to the question despite the amount of research
done on it. In fact, the most suitable solution to the problem seems
to be in the person’s/translator’s own hands. On seeing an unknown
or ambiguous word in the text, one should consult a dictionary as
long as it is possible; however, it is even more advisable to constantly
improve one’s vocabulary and extralinguistic competence. Paying
special attention to the context also proves to be helpful in most
cases. Moreover, although the coverage of lexical combinability is
insufficient in most bilingual dictionaries, the translation problems
caused by it are easily surmounted by a person’s/translator’s linguistic
feeling that may be either ‘inborn’ or developed through continual
practice and learning.
In recent decades the trend of converging of the international
terms meanings and gradually overcome of the semantic differences
is more and more visible. This process will be long, moreover, it is
impossible to get rid of ‘false friends of translators’ finally, but it is
very real to build and set standards of the new terms.
LIST OF LITERATURE
1. Braun P. Internationalisms: identical vocabularies in European
languages, language adaptation. – Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1989. – 250 p.
2. Hawkins J.A. A comparative Typology of English and German:
Unifying the Contrasts. – London, 1986. – 248 p.
3. Акуленко В.В. Интернациональные элементы в лексике
языков. Национальное, интернациональное в литературе, фольклоре
и языке. – Кишинев: Штлинца, 1971. – 328 c.
4. Будагов Р.А. Человек и его язык. – М.: Издательство МГУ,
1974. – 260 c.
5. Лоте Д.С. Вопросы заимствования и упорядочения
иноязычных терминов и терминоэлементов. – М: Наука, 1961. – 174 c.
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