Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 8 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Methyl Isocyanate (MIC): H3C–N=C=O • Used as a chemical intermediary for many products, including carbamate insecticides, polyurethane foam and a variety of plastics • Usually produced by reacting methylamine and phosgene with release of hydrochloric acid • A high production volume chemical, as are its reagents • Combustion products from MIC may include cyanide and carbon monoxide Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 8 Prior to the Bhopal disaster, relatively little was known about methyl isocyanate. The Bhopal plant was producing a carbamate pesticide called carbaryl (Sevin). Methyl isocyanate was a chemical intermediate that was produced in the production of this pesticide. Although MIC has the term “cyanate” in its name, a release of MIC does not produce cyanide. Only when MIC undergoes combustion or pyrolysis (when it is burned) does cyanide (and carbon monoxide) get produced. The exothermic reaction in the Bhopal event likely produced some of these other toxic gases, although a fire did not occur with the MIC release at Bhopal. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 132
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 9 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Methyl Isocyanate : Physical Properties • Colorless, flammable liquid at room temperature, but easily vaporizes – Vapor pressure 348 mm Hg – Boiling point 39.5 °C • Has a pungent odor; inadequate warning • Water soluble, but with exothermic reaction • Vapor density: 1.4 Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 9 This slides illustrates some of the chemical properties of methyl isocyanate. The high vapor pressure and low boiling point mean this is a highly volatile liquid. It has a pungent odor but detection of this odor does not adequately warn someone who is exposed to MIC to immediately leave the source of exposure. The vapor density means it is somewhat heavier than air (which has a vapor density of 1). Vapor densities are compared to that of air. MIC odor threshold is in the range of 2ppm – this does not provide an adequate warning of potentially harmful exposure (the Occupational Health and Safety Administration has set the Permissible Exposure Limit – for a 40 hour work week for a working lifetime: OSHA PEL 0.02ppm) December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 133
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