Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 21 There are commonly used radiation terms to describe the energy released and its effect on the body. These terms and their derivation is somewhat complex; memorization is not required. Manhyy of the terms are based on important person in radiation science history, such as Marie Curie (who coined the term radioactivity and discovered radium and polonium). A general understanding is fine for most clinical needs. The activity of an isotope is the number of disintegrations that occur per second. A disintegration is what happens in the nucleus, causing the release of radiation. The more disintegrations per second, the more radioactive (all other things being equal). The units are the Curie or Becquerel. The amount of radiation deposited onto or into the person, or the dose, is measured in rads or Grays. But more importantly is the amount of biological damage done by that amound of absorbed radiation. This is measured in rem or Seivert, and is basically the deposited dose multiplied by a factor that differs based on the type of radiation (ie., alpha vs beta vs gamma, etc). December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 384
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 22 This slide shows some common examples of ionizing radiation exposures, including background levels coming from the sun, releases from rocks, food, and water that are experienced by everyone. Each year the average person is exposed to a dose of 360 mrem of ionizing radiation (or about 1mrem/day). These amounts on a continuous basis or with single exposures, such as to an X-ray, can be compared with the amounts needed for a single exposure to cause acute radiation symptoms. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 385
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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