Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 3 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs • Cyanide – Salts (solids) – Gas • Fumigant gases Cyanide & Fumigants – Vikane (sulfuryl fluoride) – Methyl bromide – Phosphine Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 3 In 2003, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued a bulletin warning of the possibility of terrorists using ventilation systems to disperse cyanide gas. Although not part of the bulletin, fumigants could be similarly deployed. This module reviews commercial applications, characteristics, and treatment guidelines relating to cyanide and to the three most common fumigants regulated by the US Department of Environmental Protection (regulation/use) and the Department of Agriculture (application): Sulfuryl fluoride, methyl bromide, phosphine, and chloropicrin. Cyanide under standard temperature conditions is a gas and it is used as a gas in certain industrial uses, but it is widely available in salt (powdered) form as well. The fumigants are all gases and are stored in high pressure cylinders. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 190
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 4 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Cyanide • Notoriety well deserved • Historical relevance – Mass poisoning • Pharmaceutical terrorism • Weapon of Mass Destruction Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 4 Public conceptions of cyanide have been strongly influenced by its often fanciful depiction in popular culture (murder mysteries, TV show “24”, etc.) and through realworld crises (Tylenol tampering, Jonestown massacre, poisonings). Misconceptions regarding cyanide abound. Fictional depictions of cyanide usually refer to a white powder or clear liquid, smelling strongly of bitter almonds, that brings about almost instantaneous death when taken orally. As we will see through the course of this module, real-world scenarios involving cyanide challenge these preconceived notions. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 191
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