Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 46 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) • HF is used for a variety of industrial processes and consumer products (dilute), including – Catalyst in oil refineries – Manufacture of silicon semiconductor chips – Separating uranium isotopes – Etching glass or enamel – Cleaning brass, crystal and as a rust remover • Production in U.S. is < 1 million tons/year • Transported as pressurized anhydrous liquid by rail http:// www.viewimages.com/Search.aspx mid=1307009&epmid=1&partner=Google Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 46 Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) is a relatively low production volume chemical in the US, but it has multiple industrial and household uses. Along with hydrogen sulfide (a cellular poison somewhat similar to cyanide), it is a major concern at oil refineries. It is also used in the semiconductor industry, and for a number of other specialty purposes listed on the slide. HF (and related compounds) are available in dilute solution (
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 47 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs HF: Physical Properties • Colorless, non -flammable, fuming liquid or gas with irritating odor • Low odor threshold; good warning property • Highly water soluble - with release of heat • Weak acid – Not highly dissociated, but penetrates tissue well • Boiling point 20 °C • Vapor density 0.7 Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 47 HF is a very toxic substance, but at the same time it is a relatively weak acid. It has a low odor threshold and is irritating as a concentrated vapor, providing good warning properties of exposure. At the same time, dermal exposure to dilute solutions does not cause immediate symptoms, as do other acids. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 171
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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