Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 12 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Be Careful What You Call It! • Condescending terms – Negative connotations – Hysteria implies individual is to blame for illness • Of course, physicians cannot have mass psychogenic illness – 1955 hospital epidemic with 300 affected • Once medical staff became affected, condition labeled as “epidemic benign myalgic encephalomyelitis ” Module One – Observed Behaviors during Mass Chemical Exposures 12 Our mental health colleagues warn us that the use of the term ‘hysteria’ has negative connotations. It implies that the individual is purposely causing the problems. “So you think it is all in my head” Thus the use in DSM, while medically acceptable, may not be externally acceptable. In 1955 a hospital epidemic occurred with 300 individuals affected. Once the medical staff became affected, the condition was labeled as “epidemic benign myalgic encephalomyelitis.” Physicians may liberally use the term “mass (or epidemic) hysteria” but in this particular incident, they quickly renamed it to avoid being accused of being hysterical themselves. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 438
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 13 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Case 2: Cyanide • 06:00 am – A pail caught fire at a plating company containing: • Sodium meta -nitrobenzene (85%) • Potassium cyanide (15%) • 15 workers of a downwind warehouse smelled smoke and noticed brief upper respiratory irritation • Evacuated to nearby (5 miles) airport facility but not informed of potential cyanide exposure Module One – Observed Behaviors during Mass Chemical Exposures 13 This next case highlights problems with communications and expectations in the setting of a possible mass exposure. On a cold January day in 1995 (Temperature 2 degrees F) a fire occurred in a plating company in Indianapolis, Indiana. Within an isolated room, a pail containing 85% sodium meta-nitrobenzene sulfonate and 15% potassium cyanide caught fire. Scrubbers filtered the escaping smoke from the room. 15 employees of a downwind warehouse noted the smell of smoke and brief irritant symptoms. The fire department evacuated nearby neighborhood including warehouse employees without informing them of potential cyanide exposure. The warehouse procedure was to evacuate to an airport facility (approx 5 miles away). The “All clear” was given at incident command because downwind air monitoring found no evidence of cyanide and calculations predicted no risk of cyanide release off of property. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 439
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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