Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 13 Radiation is energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or subatomic particles. Radiation is usually thought of as either rapidly propagating waves or individual particles emitted by the nucleus (or other component) of an atom as it changes from a higher energy state to a lower energy state. Radiation can be classified as ionizing or non-ionizing, depending on its effect on atomic matter. "Radiation" usually refers to ionizing radiation, which is radiation that has sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules; non-ionizing radiation does not. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 376
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 14 Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to strip electrons off of atoms. In biological systems this raises the potential for both acute and chronic effects. People are very concerned about ionizing radiation in large part related to its association with nuclear bombs and a limited understanding of what ionizing radiation can and cannot do. Furthermore, radiation is undetectable by our innate senses, though readily detected, unlike biological or chemical agents, with widely available equipment (e.g. Geiger-Mueller counter). The figure shows the electromagnetic spectrum, which depicts how radiation is broken into types according to the frequency (or wavelength) of the wave. These types, in order of increasing frequency (or decreasing wavelength) and increasing danger, include radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. Of these, radio waves have the longest wavelengths and Gamma rays have the shortest. The visible spectrum includes the frequencies sensed by the eye and depicted by the color spectrum in the figure. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 377
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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