Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 40 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Phosgene • BASF Plant Ascension Parish, LA – 1981: Plant operator killed – 1982: 28 workers injured – 1986: phosgene plume over unpopulated parts of Ascension Parish http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Map_of _Louisiana_highlighting_Ascension_Parish.svg Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 40 During the 1980s there were several releases of phosgene from an industrial plant in Ascension Parish, LA. During one release the plant operator was killed and during another release, 28 workers were injured. During another event, phosgene was released with the wind carrying a plume outside the plant, fortunately over an unpopulated area. Ascension Parish (shown in red in the map of Louisiana on the slide) accounted for ~1/4 of all the TRI (Toxic Release Inventory) chemical releases from the 64 parishes in LA at that time. A very small fraction of that 120,000,000 pounds was phosgene (1,493 pounds). Despite the small amount, the local area effect of a release is still significant. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 164
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 41 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Phosgene: Physical Properties • Colorless gas with odor of musty hay • Higher odor threshold; poor warning properties • Low water solubility • Boiling point 8.2 ºC • Vapor density 3.5 (heavier than air) Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 41 Phosgene is a highly reactive gas of historical interest and current industrial importance. Because of its low water solubility, there are no immediate irritive effects to serve as warning properties of exposure. It is colorless and described as having a “musty hay” or “green corn” odor. The odor threshold is above the concentration that would result in lower airway & lung toxicity.; thus this compound has inadequate warning properties. It is a gas at room temperature with a vapor density 3.5 times that of air. As mentioned earlier, when shipped off-site, it is in liquid form in pressurized steel cylinders. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 165
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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