Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 28 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Dangerous Mixture Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 28 Chlorine gas exposures are probably the most common toxic gas exposure we see in the emergency department. The most common chlorine exposure we encounter involves the mixture of bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and an acid (toilet bowl cleaner). These two household chemicals are sometimes mixed together – either in an attempt to strengthen the disinfection process or at times when the chemicals are separately discarded into a common disposal reservoir such as a toilet or bathtub. The combination of sodium hypochlorite and acid produces chlorine gas and water. Other large scale chlorine exposures occur when chlorine is inadvertently released at a swimming pool during a misstep in the swimming pool disinfection process. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 152
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 29 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Chlorine Gas • Multiple Uses – Manufacturing of non -agricultural chemicals – Pulp and paper industry – Commercial & household bleaching agents – Water purification & waste treatment • 1998 US production > 14 million tons – Shipped as liquefied compressed gas Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 29 Chlorine is among the 10 most produced chemical in the US; in 1998, US production exceeded 14 million tons. Today, it is used for nonagricultural chemical manufacturing - including the production of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CCl4-carbon tetrachloride, vinyl chloride, chloroform) - pulp and paper industry as an oxidizing bleaching agent; as commercial and household bleaching agents; & in water purification and waste treatment systems as a disinfectant. Similar to ammonia, chlorine is shipped in large quantities over long distances as a liquefied compressed gas. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 153
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