Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 20 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Cross Connection / Backflow Threats One sociopath who understands hydraulics and has access to a drum of toxic chemicals could inflict serious damage pretty quickly to a water supply system in a neighborhood or a pressure zone without detection in most communities. - Denileon : JAWWA 2001 Module One - Chemical Contamination of Food, Water, and Medication 20 The vulnerabilities of the distribution system are highlighted by this statement in the Journal of The American Water Works Association. In this article, written before the 2001 U.S. terrorist attacks, Ms. Denileon discusses several potential types of terrorists, their funding, and potential targets. She reaches a conclusion, shared by the EPA, that the cross-connection issue is the highest priority vulnerability within our water system. Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Cross Connection Example North Carolina (1997) • 60 gal. retardant foam pumped into hydrant • No local labs for testing • Water use ban on 40,000 households • 90 million gallons used to flush system • No drinking water for 39 hrs Krouse: Opflow 2001 Module One - Chemical Contamination of Food, Water, and Medication 21 In 1997, a mistaken cross-connection made by fire fighters in North Carolina caused 60 gallons of fire retardant foam to be pumped into the local drinking water system. Firemen December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 276
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide immediately began flushing nearby hydrants, a valve team was dispatched, and attempts were made to isolate contaminated part of distribution system. This incident impacted the water supply for some 40,000 households and caused foam to flow from fire station faucets. No local labs were available for testing and water usage had to be banned for the entire local area. Ninety million gallons of water was used to flush the system and, after 39 hours, the “all clear” was given to begin using the water again. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 277
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