Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 5 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Cyanide (CN): Properties • Small molecule (26 Dalton) • Boiling Point 27.7 °C • Colorless • Bitter Almonds Myth • Water soluble Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 5 Cyanide is commonly encountered in one of two forms: as a solid salt (sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide) or as a gas (hydrogen cyanide). While solid cyanide salts are usually white, in aqueous solution (ie. water soluble) or as a gas, cyanide is colorless. Its relatively low boiling point means that it would exist as a gas at room temperature unless kept in solution. Cyanide remains in aqueous solution at an alkaline (basic) pH. Hydrogen cyanide gas cannot be easily detected by its odor. The scent of bitter almonds is faint and many exposed people (who live to tell about it) do not report having smelled anything. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 192
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 6 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Cyanide: Two Common Forms Hydrogen Cyanide Gas Solid Cyanide Salts (sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, calcium cyanide) Toxic when Inhaled Toxic when Ingested Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 6 This lecture will primarily be devoted to inhalation exposures to hydrogen cyanide gas because that constitutes the more significant threat. Hydrogen cyanide gas is readily absorbed through the lungs and results in rapid onset (seconds) after exposure and more severe clinical effects. The salt forms of cyanide (such as sodium cyanide) require dissolution in stomach water delaying the onset of symptoms after ingestion compared to when inhaled. Also, the kinetics of gastrointestinal uptake are slower than following inhalation. Thus symptoms following ingestion may be delayed about 20 minutes, as opposed to nearly immediately after inhalation. Sodium and potassium salts are widely available from chemical supply companies and industry. Calcium cyanide is sometimes used to clean the brass buttons used on traditional Korean costumes. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 193
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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