Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Polybrominated Biphenyl (PBB) Exposure through Contaminated Food • Widespread, low level human exposure to PBB occurred throughout Michigan. E.g. 51 of 53 (96%) of random breast milk samples in 1976 had detectable levels. • Exposure most intense among dairy farm families, and persons obtaining dairy foods directly from quarantined farms. • High dose animal studies revealed PBB could cause multisystemic effects, including liver neoplasms • Between 1976 - 1979, state and federal agencies assembled a cohort of ≈ 4000 people, mainly farm families, to study long-term human health effects. Module One - Terrorism by Fear and Uncertainty: Delayed Toxic Syndromes 45 Widespread, low level human exposure to PBB occurred throughout Michigan. Practically all sampled human breast milk in 1976 had detectable levels. Exposure was most intense among dairy farm families, and persons obtaining dairy foods directly from quarantined farms. High dose animal studies revealed PBB could cause multisystemic effects, including liver neoplasms. Between 1976 and 1979, state and federal agencies assembled a cohort of ≈ 4000 people, mainly farm families, to study long-term human health effects. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 352
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 46 Similar to other organohalide compounds discussed in the last 1/3 of this module, PBB is highly lipophilic and extremely persistent. The apparent elimination half-life, measured in the blood, is approximately 10.8 years. The initial results reported on the cohort of exposed individuals (at about 4 years after exposure) did not identify any relationship between serum levels and symptoms; in fact the highest symptom prevalence occurred in subjects with lowest serum PBB. Because of concern about potential immunologic impact, lymphocyte count and function were also evaluated. No relationship was identified. An epidemiologic study reported in 1998 raised a question of carcinogenesis, but the study had many limitations. The findings have not been confirmed. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 353
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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