Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 47 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Methyl Bromide • Odorless, colorless gas • Chloropicrin (lachrymator) added as warning agent • MeBr heavier than air • Broad spectrum of activity – Alkylating agent • Penetrates rubber and neoprene • Being phased out due to environmental concerns Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants Br CH 3 47 Methyl bromide, another fumigant gas, is less commonly used in the United States currently because of adverse effects on the environment (ozone depletion). However, it remains popular in many foreign countries. It is both colorless and odorless. Because of its lack of color and odor, (like sulfuryl fluoride) it is often pre-prepared and shipped with chloropicrin (a potent lachrymator) to enhance its detection. Methyl bromide, sometimes called bromomethane, is an organic halogen compound with formula CH 3 Br. It is a colorless, nonflammable gas with no distinctive smell. Its chemical properties are quite similar to those of chloromethane. It is a recognized ozone-depleting chemical. It was used extensively as a pesticide until being phased out by most countries in the early 2000s per the Montreal Protocol. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 234
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 48 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Methyl Bromide: Clinical Signs • Acute high -level exposure rapid onset of sxs – CNS depression, delirium, seizures, pulmonary edema – Skin injury, burns, blistering reported with high -level dermal exposure • Lower level exposure – Delayed onset toxicity well -documented – Mucosal irritation – Headache, dizziness, Nausea, vomiting – Progression (hours) to visual symptoms, ataxia, tremor, delirium , seizures • Sxs reversible with mild intoxication – Permanent effects have been reported in severe cases Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 48 Acute high level exposure results in the rapid onset of clinical symptoms. These include coma and irritant injury of the skin and airways. Lower level acute exposures results in less severe effects, with a slightly delayed onset of several hours. Many of the effects, particularly those involving the central nervous system, are not reversible. The liquid burns the skin, producing itching and reddening, then blisters several hours after contact. Both liquid and vapour severely damage the eyes. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 235
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