Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 27 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Cyanide: Drug Tampering • Pharmaceutical Terrorism – 1982 – Acetaminophen – 1991 – Pseudoephedrine Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 27 In 1982, Tylenol capsules adulterated with cyanide were implicated in the deaths of 7 Chicago-area residents. While the original perpetrator was never apprehended, this crisis lead to a federal mandate (“The Tylenol Bill”) for more stringent anti-tampering safeguards and closer oversight of the US drug supply. Since that time there have been several similar “copy-cat” cases of drug tampering. While the risk of exposure has been greatly reduced, the surreptitious introduction of cyanide (and other toxins) into pharmaceuticals remains a serious source of concern. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 214
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 28 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Cyanide: Terrorism Appearance at incidents: • NY WTC (1993) – Ingredients for HCN in the truck • Tokyo Subway (1995) – Sarin – Ingredients for HCN in bathroom Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 28 While neither of the two terrorist events (1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 1995 Tokyo Sarin release) primarily involved cyanide, in both circumstances, the perpetrators appeared to be prepared to do so. This suggests that while radical groups may have more lethal means at their disposal, cyanide, by virtue of its availability and ubiquity, may provide a fall-back alternative and a supplemental means of attack. The 1993 World Trade Center bombing occurred on February 26, 1993, when a car bomb was detonated below Tower One of the World Trade Center in New York City. The 1,500 lb (680 kg) urea nitrate-hydrogen gas enhanced device was intended to knock the North Tower (Tower One) into the South Tower (Tower Two), bringing both towers down and killing thousands of people. It failed to do so, but did kill six people and injured 1,042. Ramzi Yousef and a Jordanian friend, Eyad Ismoil, drove a yellow Ryder van into Lower Manhattan, and pulled into the public parking garage beneath the World Trade Center around noon. There remains a popular belief that there was cyanide in the bomb, which is reinforced by Judge Duffy's statement at sentencing, "[y]ou had sodium cyanide around, and I’m sure it was in the bomb." However, the bomb's true composition was not able to be ascertained from the crime scene and Robert Blitzer, a senior FBI official who worked on the case, stated that there was "no forensic evidence indicating the presence of sodium cyanide at the bomb site." Furthermore, Yousef is said only to have considered adding cyanide to the bomb, and to have regretted not doing so in Peter Lance's book 1000 Years For Revenge. The Sarin (nerve agent) attack on the Tokyo subway was an act of domestic terrorism perpetrated by members of Aum Shinrikyo on March 20, 1995. In five coordinated attacks, the perpetrators released sarin on several lines of the Tokyo Metro, killing at least a dozen people, severely injuring fifty and causing temporary vision problems for nearly a thousand others. The bottom image shows the clean up crew on the subway car in Japan. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 215
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