Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 13 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Some possible suspects: • Hydrogen cyanide • Hydrogen sulfide • Carbon monoxide • Oxygen-deficient air Knock-Down Gases Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 13 December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 200
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 14 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Cyanide: Onset of Symptoms Time to Onset of Symptoms • Cyanide salt and cyanide gas (HCN) – Minutes – Inhalation of gas >> ingestion >> dermal – Survival > 10 minutes, most likely will survive • All or Nothing • Aliphatic cyanogens & Natural cyanogens – Hours – must be metabolized Module Four – Cyanide & Fumigants 14 The amount of time until the onset of symptoms is relatively short – usually on the order of a few minutes – with both solid and gaseous cyanide exposure. Onset is faster for inhalation of hydrogen cyanide gas than for the ingestion of cyanide salts or for dermal exposures. Cyanide poisoning tends to be an all or nothing in terms of outcome; those who survive the first 10 minutes after the onset of symptoms will likely survive in the long-term. The salt forms of cyanide (such as sodium cyanide) require dissolution in stomach water delaying the onset after ingestion compared to when inhaled. Also, the kinetics of gastrointestinal uptake are slower than following inhalation, further explaining why it takes about 20 minutes to get sick after ingestion as opposed to nearly immediately after inhalation. Cyanogens are compounds that generate cyanide after metabolism. Examples include linamarin from cassava and amygdalin from peach pits (sold in the 1970’s and still today as Laetrile) December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 201
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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