Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 22 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Drinking Water: Terrorism Detection Detection Scenarios: • Caught in the act (cameras, security, or eye witness reports) • Online/Field detection & monitoring • Water quality observations (odor, color, …) • Mass Illnesses (often nonspecific) – ED/Public Health Surveillance Systems Module One - Chemical Contamination of Food, Water, and Medication 22 Currently there is no systematic evaluation of drinking water other than routine periodic testing required by the EPA. As should be clear from this presentation, there is no analytic test (and certainly no readily available test) to answer all questions about water quality or potential water contaminants. Since most water treatment and distribution facilities have some measure of security, many incidents may be detected by eye witness report, surveillance cameras, or – as with the potential Seattle case – detected by a perimeter breach. Barring the possibility of catching a culprit in the act of contaminating the water supply, detection of a terrorist attack would be dependent on noting obvious abnormalities of the water or an illness cluster detected by a public health surveillance system. Increases in over-the-counter sales for anti-diarrheals is one of the many components of BioSense, a public health surveillance system. Emergency Department or Poison Center syndrome/diagnosis tracking is another surveillance activity. Although rapid recognition of disease onset potentially provides early detection of disease clusters, this surveillance (secondary preventive measure) is obviously not an ideal preventive or mitigation measure. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 278
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 23 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Early Detection • Online Phys/Chem Monitors – Chlorine, pH, Turbidity, Total Organic Carbon, Pressure, Radioactivity • Rapid Field Testing Kits • Online Biosensors Module One - Chemical Contamination of Food, Water, and Medication 23 There are devices that can be used to detect water contamination. However, they are not routinely used unless there is suspicion that something is wrong. Some biological and chemical contaminants may cause a drop in residual chlorine levels but a much more likely cause is a failure of the chlorination system. While a drop in residual chlorine, if detected, may provide evidence of a failure in disinfection, it is unlikely that changes in the physical or chemical properties of water could be used to detect chemical contamination. There is an ongoing discussion about ways to implement additional safeguards on a routine basis that could detect at least some agents with the potential to be used by terrorists. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 279
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