Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 10 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Methyl Isocyanate : Clinical Effects • Dermal/ocular – Irritation and ulceration • Respiratory – Mucosal irritation of upper and lower respiratory tract – Life-threatening pulmonary edema – Residual chronic lung disease • Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 10 The clinical effects of methyl isocyanate predominantly involve 3 organ systems: skin (dermal), eyes (ocular) and lungs (respiratory). In each of these cases, methyl isocyanate acts as a potent irritant. Although the eye and skin manifestations may cause significant discomfort and distress and chronic disability, the life threatening effects occur from the pulmonary effects. A chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema may result causing decreased oxygenation and air hunger. Overwhelming pulmonary compromise may result in death. RADS is a chronic pulmonary problem that may develop after an acute exposure to MIC. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 134
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 11 Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) • Non-immunologic asthmatic condition following large exposure to certain irritants • Syndrome diagnosis requiring: – No prior chronic respiratory illness (including asthma) – Documented exposure to chemical irritant in significant amount – Onset of symptoms (cough, dyspnea , wheezing) within 24 hours and persistence for >3 months – Demonstrated airway obstruction and bronchial hyper -responsiveness by pulmonary function testing – Lack of other competing pulmonary diagnosis Module One – Toxic Industrial Gases as Terrorist Threats 11 Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a chronic condition that sometimes develops after an exposure to a “sensitizing” irritant such as methyl isocyanate. The symptoms resemble asthma. Prior to the exposure to the irritant, the patient may not have had any preexisting pulmonary condition such as asthma. The symptoms of RADS – cough, shortness of breath and/or wheezing – typically develop within 24 hours of the exposure. These symptoms may last for months (or even longer). December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 135
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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