Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 9 There was widespread concern about potential environmental contamination because of the delay in discovery of radiation poisoning, disruption of the shielding of the device, and potential run-off from the area. In addition to environmental surveys, ~112,000 people were surveyed for contamination by having them walk through radiation portal monitor in a soccer stadium. More detailed screening was done for those demonstrating contamination. Note that in almost half the contamination incidents (only 0.2% of those screened), contamination was confined to clothing. 46 people received chelation therapy with Prussian Blue (to bind cesium in the bowel), and 14 suffered bone marrow failure, a classic sign of radiation poisoning. 8 of these received GM-CSF. 4 died. One of the people who died included the daughter of the junk yard dealer. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 372
Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Training Support Package Participant Guide Slide 10 The next scenario involves incorporating a small amount of radioactive material (“dirty”) to a conventional explosive. This allows the dispersion of radiation over a fairly large area (typically in the range of thousands of square yards). Given the ready detectability of radiation, if monitoring is performed, few individuals are likely to absorb a lethal dose before they can evacuate the area. Some may be impaled with contaminated shrapnel or inhale radioactive dust and develop radiation sickness (poisoning), but human casualties are likely to be low. A “dirty bomb” is one type of a “radiological dispersal device” (RDD) that combines a conventional explosive, such as dynamite, with radioactive material. Most RDDs would not release enough radiation to kill people or cause severe illness. The energy of a dirty bomb explosion is derived from the amount of conventional explosive used and is much, much less than that of a nuclear bomb; the energy of a nuclear bomb is derived from fission, releasing a number of fission products that are not present with a dirty bomb. There is no radioactive iodine generated by a dirty bomb – and thus no role for the often mischaracterized “anti-radiation pill” potassium iodide. Depending on the scenario, an RDD explosion could create fear and panic, contaminate property, and require potentially costly cleanup. A dirty bomb is not a “Weapon of Mass Destruction” but a “Weapon of Mass Disruption,” where contamination and anxiety are the terrorists’ major objectives. December 2008 Version 2.0 Page 373
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Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism: TICs & TIMs

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