transport of dangerous goods and risk management - Kirilo SaviÄ

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TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND RISK MANAGEMENT 144Dangerous substances are grouped in 9 classes in accordance with ADR, depending on their chemical properties,state of matter and level of hazard.The Law on the Transport of Dangerous Substances envisages that means of transport used for the carriagedangerous substances have to be roadworthy, constructed, equipped and marked in compliance with specialrequirements (need to have plates and labels). The vehicles have to be specially designed and have to meet therequirements laid down by the relevant Law and European Agreement concerning the International Carriage ofDangerous Goods by Road – ADR.The purpose of this paper is to point up the importance of roadworthiness of vehicles used for the carriage ofdangerous substances (armament) and its correlation with inspection controls and education in this area.ROADWORTHINESS OF VEHICLES INTENDED FOR THE CARRYAGE OF DANGEROUSSUBSTANCESAccording to ADR 6 , depending on the properties of the dangerous substance to be transported, vehicles of differentcharacteristics are used. Before taking a closer look at vehicle classification according to ADR, we would like todraw attention to the most important aspects, in our opinion, regarding operation of vehicles intended for thecarriage of dangerous substances.Operational and technical characteristics of vehicles imply a complex of interlinked characteristics that thesuitability of vehicle for use under certain conditions depends on. With the change of conditions of vehicleoperation, the operational and technical characteristics of vehicles also change.The main operational and technical characteristics of vehicles are: dynamics, cost-effectiveness, reliability,operating life, capacity, overall comfort, safety, ability to pass obstacles, and maintainability of vehicleconstruction. Given the fact that all these characteristics are interlinked, it is necessary to keep a balance betweenthem since the improvement of one characteristic implies deterioration of one or more of other vehiclecharacteristics. It is imperative to make a choice of vehicles whose operational and technical characteristics producebest results during operation under specific/current conditions related to climate, transport and road. In that respect,only some vehicle characteristics will be covered below.Reliability is one of the main indicators of the quality of vehicle. It is expressed as the capacity of vehicle to retainits operating features, within allowed limits, under specific conditions of operation during its entire operating life.Insufficient reliability of the vital parts of vehicle, braking and steering systems in particular, may cause disastrousconsequences. Furthermore, in case of low reliability, operating costs can be much higher than the purchasing pricedue to increased maintenance costs. These are just some of the reasons due to which in all stages of the vehicle lifecycle (design – manufacture – operation) a special attention is paid to vehicle reliability.The optimal period of vehicle use is one of the main issues to be considered in the course of the design,procurement, and operation of vehicle and its parts. A number of factors determine the moment when the vehicleshould be put out of service. When creating a mathematical model for calculation of optimal operating life, thecriteria and restrictions related to costs are usually the starting points. One should bear in mind that the value of theperiod of vehicle operation is mostly determined by the design, quality of manufacturing, operating conditions,construction and power-related materials and manner of maintenance. These factors have a direct impact on theintensity of degrading processes – wearing, corrosion, creep, ageing and fatigue – which shorten the period ofvehicle operation. Among the measures applied to increase the period of vehicle operation the following may besingled out: adequate structural and technological solutions in the production of parts, assemblies and theircouplings; adequate surface protection of vehicle parts; adequate maintenance; adequate fuels, lubricants and other
TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND RISK MANAGEMENT 145technical fluids; quality purification of fuels, lubricants and other technical fluids; fast attaining and subsequentretaining of stable engine working temperature, etc.Vehicle safety implies quality requirements related to the degree of safety of vehicle operation from the point ofview of its user and the environment. While operating, the vehicle should have the least adverse impact possible onparticipants in traffic and the environment. The vehicle should be so constructed that the likelihood of an accidenttaking place is minimised, and if it does, the vehicle should ensure maximum protection for participants in traffic.Depending on the way they affect overall vehicle safety, safety parameters are divided into active, passive andcatalytic ones.In order to define more easily the requirements related to the vehicles intended for the carriage of dangeroussubstances and articles containing dangerous substances, we point to the classification of such vehicles:1. FL vehicles – vehicles intended for the carriage of liquids with a flash point of not more than 61°C(with the exception of diesel fuel, gas oil and light heating oil – UN no. 1202 – with a flash point ofmore than 61°C) or flammable gases, in tank containers, portable tanks or multi element gas containers(MEGCs) of more than 3000 litres capacity, fixed tanks or demountable tanks and battery vehicles ofmore than 1000 litres capacity intended for the carriage of flammable gases;2. OX Vehicles – vehicles used for the carriage of Hydrogen Peroxide, stabilised, or Hydrogen Peroxide,aqueous solution stabilised, with more than 60% Hydrogen Peroxide (Class 5.1, UN no. 2015) in tankcontainers or portable tanks of more than 3000 litres capacity, or in fixed tanks or demountable tanks ofmore than 1000 litres capacity;3. AT vehicles – vehicles other than those of type FL or OX, intended for the carriage of dangeroussubstances in tank containers, portable tanks or multi element gas containers (MEGCs) of more than3000 litres capacity, fixed tanks or demountable tanks and battery vehicles of more than 1000 litrescapacity, other than those of type FL;4. EX/II (EX/III) vehicles – vehicles intended for the carriage of explosive substances Class 1 (except incase of the carriage under the “small quantity” regime).The type of vehicle has to be stated in the vehicle certificate, which is directly related to the quantity of thedangerous substance that can be transported per transport unit.The vehicles intended for the carriage of dangerous substances which do not belong to the types above and whichare registered after 30 June 1997 have to comply with the technical requirements ECE 13 (need to have ABS). Allvehicles with a maximum mass exceeding 12 tonnes registered after 31 December 1897 have to comply withtechnical requirements ECE 89 concerning the speed limitation device.Regarding vehicles intended for the carriage of dangerous substances, it is necessary to pay attention to the presenceand functioning of parts listed in Table 1.
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ISBN 978-86-83059-06-5Editor-in-Chi
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TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODSAND RIS
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EDITORIALLand transport Pan- Europe
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Contents:INTEGRATED MODEL AND INFOR
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TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND RI
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Figure 3. Algorithm of Security Dat
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Figure 5. Algorithm of Ship Waste M
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Figure 7. Original Algorithm of Imp
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Figure 11. Original Algorithm of th
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Figure 13. Original Algorithm of th
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Figure 15. Original Algorithm of Ot
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Figure 18. The original algorithm o
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Figure 20. Original Algorithm of Ac
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Figure 23. Original Algorithm of In
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Figure 25. Original Algorithm of Ac
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Table 1. Classification of waste th
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Table 3 Classification of waste tha
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Table 3b Classification of waste th
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Table 3d: Classification of waste t
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Table 3f: Classification of waste t
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Table 6 Classes of the compounds th
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Table 6b Classes of the compounds t
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Table 8. Typical hazardous waste ma
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Figure 5.- Life cycle for oiled sol
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Oil, gas and mineralsTRANSPORT OF D
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transport of dangerous goods and risk management - Kirilo SaviÄ