transport of dangerous goods and risk management - Kirilo SaviÄ
transport of dangerous goods and risk management - Kirilo SaviÄ
transport of dangerous goods and risk management - Kirilo SaviÄ
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TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND RISK MANAGEMENT 254ENGLISH v. ENGLISH (BrE v. AmE)George Bernard Shaw: Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> America are two countries separated by a common language. 1Whenever English is either SL or TL, the method <strong>of</strong> contrastive analysis is especially applicable because <strong>of</strong> thefactor, somewhat specific for this language, <strong>and</strong> that is the existence <strong>of</strong> two English languages: British English(BrE) <strong>and</strong> American English (AmE). This is the case <strong>of</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard languages at that. They do bear the same name<strong>and</strong> their morphological <strong>and</strong> syntaxical structure, vocabulary <strong>and</strong> even phraseology is almost the same. But thedifference beetween all mentioned parts <strong>of</strong> their linguistics is apparent as George Bernard Shaw concludes in theabove quoted words.When grammar is in question, there are not many differences in applying the rules, but those that exist may be thesource <strong>of</strong> big misunderst<strong>and</strong>ings with, potentially, very negative consequences. The author will explicate this bypresenting the difference relating to the usage <strong>of</strong> the Present Simple Tense <strong>and</strong> the Present Perfect Tense whenrefering to an action that takes place up to now (the moment <strong>of</strong> speaking). To denote such an action, BrE uses thePresent Perfect Tense, because the Past Simple Tense has no bearing on the present <strong>and</strong> is used exclusively todenote a past action or a fact in the past. But AmE uses the Past Simple Tense to denote the action ending at themoment <strong>of</strong> speaking, therefore relating to the present (or a moment before now) as well as an action that happenedany time in the past, e.g:BrE:Have you seen it?This question refers to the time up to the very moment <strong>of</strong> speaking. Therefore the Present Perfect Tense.Did you see it?Any time in the past, but not the moment before speaking (no linkage with the present). Therefore the Past SimpleTanse.AmE:Did you see it?Any time in the past <strong>and</strong> up to the very moment <strong>of</strong> speaking. AmE seems to have excluded the usage <strong>of</strong> the PresentPerfect Tense, at least to denote this particular kind <strong>of</strong> action.When vocabulary is in question, every word <strong>of</strong> the English language is defined by the following features: spelling,pronounciation, <strong>and</strong> meaning. Although the difference between BrE <strong>and</strong> AmE regarding spelling <strong>and</strong>pronounciation is evident, it is not the source <strong>of</strong> any significant problems in the process <strong>of</strong> interpreting/translating,e.g.:BrEcolourcentreanalyseAmEcolorcenteranalyzeWhen meaning is in question, there are four distinctive types <strong>of</strong> differences between BrE <strong>and</strong> AmE:1 Shaw, George Bernard (1856-1950). Irish playwrite <strong>and</strong> political thinker. Source: www.wikiedia.com , March, 2010.
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