transport of dangerous goods and risk management - Kirilo SaviÄ

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TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND RISK MANAGEMENT 152Hazardous materials, their exploitation and transportation occupy a special place among the risks in peacetimeconditions, because due to their nature and consequences they cause they represent the extraordinary securitychallenges and carry great risks. Furthermore, they can lead to technical and technological accidents and otheremergency situations that could have far-reaching consequences, often for whole regions and continents. These arethe reasons why the countries take measures at both the national and international level to prevent and combat thesephenomena, with a special emphasis on the prevention and elimination of risk factors as much as possible. In termsof the content, there are normative-legal and operational activities, while the activities based on the scope andnumber of participants cover bilateral, regional and multilateral contacts.After the fall of the "Berlin Wall" in the last decade of the 20 th century there was a process of transition and socialreform in the countries of the former socialist bloc, which further affected the territory of the former SFRY andother countries. After the end of the conflict in the region, the Republic of Serbia has taken the path of democraticchanges and reforms, and among other things, it has initiated a process of reorganization of state administrationtowards the concept of public service and within a united administrative area of the EU. In this context, there is areform of the police to a modern service of citizens with the police Directorate for the performance of the traditionalpolice-security jobs as a central part, while other work is performed by specialized services and lines of work withinthe Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia (MoI of the RS). The Department of Emergency Situations is anewly established organizational units and as a specialized line of work for rescue operations, fire-fighting andother related tasks, which we shall use to make reference to legal and security aspects of the engagement of the MoIof the RS in this field .GENERAL ON THE EMERGENCY SITUATIONSThe concept known as the emergency situations is not uniformly described either in doctrine or practice, and it iseven identified with categories such as state of emergency and the like that are legally governed mainly by the stateor some other international entities. As for our legal system, a state of emergency is generally mentioned in theConstitution of the Republic of Serbia as a special legal regime on the whole or a part of the state territory, duringthe immediate threat of war or emergency internal events. 1 According to Article 4, paragraph 6 of the Law onDefense, the state of emergency is more specifically defined as a "state of public danger which threatens thesurvival of the state or its citizens, which is a consequence of military and non-military challenges, risks andsecurity threats". 2 Emergency situations as categories are in some way similar to the aforementioned condition,which is not regular, but they are not identical, and in addition to legal there are many other differences betweenthese categories.In a broader sense of emergency situations may be determined in a relatively general way as the state and thesituations which cause or may cause human and material losses. In the narrow sense according to Article 8 of thenew Law on emergency situations of the Republic of Serbia, the term emergency situations refers to, paraphrase, acondition where the risks and threats or the consequences of disasters, special events and other threats to thepopulation, environment and material assets are of such scope and intensity that their occurrence or consequencesare not possible to prevent or eliminate by the regular activities of the competent authorities and services, which is itis necessary to use special measures, forces and resources with the enhanced work mode for their alleviation orelimination. 3 Also, emergency situations include any unexpected situation that may cause death or significantinjuries of employees, users or general population, close or discontinue business operations, significantly damagematerial and natural resources, or threaten the financial condition or reputation of the company. 41 “Official Gazette of the RS“, No.98/06, Belgrade 2006.2 “Official Gazette of the RS“, No.116/07, Belgrade 2007.3 “Official Gazette of RS“, No.111/09, Belgrade 2009.4 Davis, H.,Walters M., Do all the crisis have to become disasters? Risk and risk mitigation-disasters prevention andmanagement, 1998,New Jersey Academy, Vol. 5, pp. 112.
TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND RISK MANAGEMENT 153Model of global social development contributes to the avoidance of emergency situations primarily theenvironmental ones, but also those of technogenic character and it also contributes to the achievement ofenvironmental safety. The sustainable development is at the heart of the concept and it includes economic,technological, social and cultural development harmonized with the requirements of the protection andimprovement of the environment. In order to avoid the risk, it is necessary to have mutually harmonizeddevelopmental supports: economic, social, cultural and the environment. However, it requires a different attitude ofa man and society towards the nature as well as the updated understanding of the role of a man in solving globalproblems related to population and development, economy, armament race, food, energy, social issues, theenvironment and science and technology, and the solution of these problems contributes to global security of theplanet. It is also necessary that there exist the consciousness, individual and collective, of avoiding the riskyactivities, but also of the appropriate action at the time when the extreme events and emergency situations occur,whereas special attention must be directed to research of the behaviour of the individuals who are professionallyinvolved in such situations.Sociology as a general social science must address the research of the emergency situation as a social category,exploring the causes of action of specific social groups, particularly the political elite in emergency situations,which is how it would contribute better and more to the achievement of security in a society. 1EMERGENCY SITUATIONS MANAGEMENT AS A SPECIAL FORM OF RISKThe risks, as probable or possible events in social, technical and ecological spheres can lead to a decline in thequality of life and are one of the most topical problems of modern civilization, so that risk prediction, minimizationand management become the subject of research of many sciences. Regardless of whether the risks are of natural orsocial character, they represent a potential danger of violating the balance in the system society-nature, and theycondition the appearance of unfavourable situation, extreme events or emergency situations. If we take into accountthe causes of emergency situations (natural disasters, technical accidents and disasters, the application of means ofmass destruction and the anthropogenic actions on the nature) but also the consequences (loss of lives, violation ofhuman health, pollution, degradation or destruction of the natural components of the environment), the standpointthat the global security is a priority task and aim at both global and national levels is beyond any doubt.It cannot be disputed that risks today are increasingly taking a global character and their scope is constantlyincreasing as well as the number of potentially endangered people, material resources and territories of potentialdisturbance of ecological balance. Emergency situations represent a special kind of risk because of their possiblesignificant consequences, which can be divided by their nature to cumulative and accidental, anthropogenic andnatural, and so on. Risk management is an organized process of identifying and measuring risk, selection,development and implementation of options for risk management and monitoring. Considering that emergencysituation is a special type of risk, risk management includes the management of emergency situations. 2The process of risk management related to the occurrence of extraordinary situations, as a specific manifestation,includes the following stages: risk identification, analysis of consequences, risk assessment, planning of measuresfor the prevention of emergency or risk reduction, organization of preparedness measures to respond to the situationarose and planning of recovery measures. 3 In order to eliminate, control or minimize the causes of risks andpotential effects of hazardous events, the risk must be managed. Management systems, aimed at planning, controland reduction of risk are the most reliable models of risk management.1 Blagojevic, M., "The role of special units of the MUP RS in terms of peacetime emergencies", MA thesis, Faculty of Security,Belgrade 2009., pp. 23-26.2 Ibid.3 More in: Savic, S., Andjelkovic, B., Stankovic, M., Specific risk management systems and emergency situations, Proceedingsof the Symposium on Operational Research, SYMOPIS-06, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Belgrade 2006.
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ISBN 978-86-83059-06-5Editor-in-Chi
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TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODSAND RIS
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EDITORIALLand transport Pan- Europe
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Contents:INTEGRATED MODEL AND INFOR
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TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND RI
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Figure 3. Algorithm of Security Dat
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Figure 5. Algorithm of Ship Waste M
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Figure 7. Original Algorithm of Imp
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Figure 11. Original Algorithm of th
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Figure 13. Original Algorithm of th
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Figure 15. Original Algorithm of Ot
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Figure 18. The original algorithm o
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Figure 20. Original Algorithm of Ac
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Figure 23. Original Algorithm of In
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Figure 25. Original Algorithm of Ac
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Table 1. Classification of waste th
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Table 3 Classification of waste tha
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Table 3b Classification of waste th
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Table 3d: Classification of waste t
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Table 3f: Classification of waste t
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Table 6 Classes of the compounds th
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Table 6b Classes of the compounds t
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Table 8. Typical hazardous waste ma
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Figure 5.- Life cycle for oiled sol
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Figure 13. Original algorithm of th
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Software part of Sledat systemTRANS
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UDK:355.69614.878.084TRANSPORT OF D
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Oil, gas and mineralsTRANSPORT OF D
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UDK:811.111'25TRANSPORT OF DANGEROU
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