bahasa indonesia

Subiect-focus and
The terms subject-focus and object-focus are so called because in these
sentence constructions our attention is focused on the subject or the
object of the sentence. You will find that they are also called active
voice and passive voice in other grammar books,
A subject is, generally speaking, a doer, actor or agent of an action.
An object is, on the other hand, someone or something that is affected
by the action performed by the subject.
For example, if my dog ate a cake that 1 have just baked, the cake is the
object (it is 'affected' by the action of eating) and the dog is the subject
(that does the eating).
In effect, then, the subject-focus and the object-focus constructions are
really about what it is in the sentence that becomes our focus of
attention. Whatever gets the focus, comes first in the sentence. If the
focus is on the subject, the subject comes first in the sentence; if the
focus is on the object, the object comes first.
The subject-focus construction can be identified by the following.
1 The subject comes before the verb and the object.
2 The subject is followed by a meN-, meN-kan or meN-i transitive
verb.
3 There may be an auxiliary verb before the meN- verb (see below).
4 The object follows the verb directly, with nothing preceding it (for
example, a preposition).
In short, a simple subject-focus sentence consists of:
SUBJECT - TRANSITIVEVERB - OBJECT
Nina menulis cerpen.
Subject Verb Object
Nina is writing a short story.
124 A Student's Guide to Indonesian Grammar 1