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LATlHAN I Now that you have learnt about the subject-focus construction, try to write your own sentences by copying and completing the following table. . As mentioned, in an object-focus sentence our attention is focused on the object of the sentence. This is often difficult for English speakers, because in English we tend to focus on the subject. An additional difficulty in learning this construction comes fkom the fact that many object-focus sentences in Indonesian do not have exact equivalents in English. Many such sentences would have to be translated into subjectfocus in English to be acceptable. The object-focus construction is important to learn, simply because it is so prevalent in spoken and written Indonesian. The steps given below are to guide you in forming object-focus sentences. Step l Identify whether the subject is the first, second or third person. .................................................................................... FIRST PERSON (SPEAKER OR PEOPLE REPRESENTED BY THE~PEAKER) Singular: Plural: eronouns: saya, aku, -ku Pronouns: kami, kita .................................................................... i............... SECOND PERSON (PERSON SPOKEN TO: T HE ADDRESSEE) Singular: Plural: Pronouns: kamu, engkau, kau, anda Address terms: for example, Bapak, Ibu, Saudara Pronouns: kamu, kalian, anda sekalian, Saudara sekalian 126 A Student's Guide to Indonesian Grammar
.................................................................................... THIRD PERSON (PERSON OR THING SPOKEN ABOUT) Singular: Pronouns: dia, -nya - Proper names: for example, Tommy, Mira, Pak Hamid Plural: Other noun phrases: for example, kucing itu, murid itu Pronoun: mereka Proper names: for example, Tommy dan Mira Other noun phrases: for example, kucing-kucing itu, murid-murid itu Step 2 If the subject is the first or second person, the order is: - OBJECT; - SUBJECT - ~kw.(b~~fd, bmir6.tain suffix if there) - . ..-:,:*?-... - * 4 If the subject is the third person, there are two variations. .................................................................................... VARIATION A If the subject is either a pronoun (for example, dia, mereka) or a proper name (for example, Bu Rani, guru-guru itu, para sopir bis), the order is: OBJFT - VERB-(with di-prefix and s -Hi, if there).-(j)h~~) swj@-
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ahasa indonesia milik widya DEPARTM
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Contents Introduction Acknowledgmen
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- - 14 Ter- 1 4.1 Adjective ter- 14
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Introduction I A Student's Guide to
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Source Acknowledgments The author a
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Question woril: & itu apel? Is that
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MANA Mana is used in questions, usu
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Anda guru, bukan? You are a teacher
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A: Karnu pernah rnakan durian? Have
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1 A: Murid boleh merokok di sekolah
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I . 3 nni's teacher's house In this
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I In this type of-noun phrase, the
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-4 Translate the following more com
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Numbers, Classifiers and Quantity ?
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I wv - LUJ- laLua 50 = h a puluh +
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~iJcewise, we can also &&d@& no&'fi
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1 1 11 TO show quantity, we can use
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When used to say 'the person who(m)
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!. Transitive and i Intransitive Ve
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pulang selesai singgah tahu terbang
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g'$J Mote Some intransitive verbs c
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pasang rnemasang to set up, install
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Mereka ' membaca buku. They read a
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A 5 tierlibur 6 mencuri 7 berbelanj
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Did you knowt The word beruang can
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elanja to shop berbelan ja to shop
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-. lATlHAN 3 Working in pairs, choo
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I In this chqptei we will learn mor
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13 kepit 14 umpat 15 ambil 16 ekor
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To go to where the base word indica
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6 Presiden itu menpinap di hotel bi
Page 66 and 67: 4 The suffix -kan is often attached
Page 68 and 69: *- 4 Complete each of the following
Page 70 and 71: 3 a membaca (read) b membacakan (re
Page 72 and 73: Some meN-kan words can be adjective
Page 74 and 75: Summary MeN-kan words are primarily
Page 76 and 77: To act in the manner of i bai k bin
Page 78 and 79: antar to take somethinghomeone some
Page 80 and 81: erdiam di to live in mendiami to oc
Page 82 and 83: When term is affixed to adjectives,
Page 84 and 85: Accidental action: intransitive Ter
Page 86 and 87: You can also leave out the 'by phra
Page 88 and 89: terbangun to be woken by something
Page 90 and 91: ........,( Ke-an In grammatical ter
Page 92 and 93: In this case, the meaning of ke-an
Page 94 and 95: 1 04 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
Page 96 and 97: Some ke--an words have two meanings
Page 98 and 99: Words with the peN- prefix are usua
Page 100 and 101: 1 10 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
Page 102 and 103: 3 Pemakan daging 4 Pembuka kaleng 5
Page 104 and 105: * * * . *.. **** I' Like other affi
Page 106 and 107: LATIHAH 2 Tkanslate these noun phra
Page 108 and 109: Summary The majority of words with
Page 110 and 111: MeN-kan and meN-i Some peN-an nouns
Page 112 and 113: Other percan nouns Some other per-a
Page 114 and 115: Subiect-focus and The terms subject
Page 118 and 119: Summary of the rules First or secon
Page 120 and 121: Object-focus with auxiliary, prepos
Page 122 and 123: 6 Pak Totok menjual buah-buahan di
Page 124 and 125: ' 4 Look at each of the following t
Page 126 and 127: Uses of -nyu In this chapter we wil
Page 128 and 129: I It is sweltering today. What migh
Page 130 and 131: Teman saya jaketm merah. Topic Comm
Page 132 and 133: * * . * * * . * . " ~ Ways to Say '
Page 134 and 135: Tahun lalu terjadi gempa bumi di sa
Page 136 and 137: 2 You could not come. to your frien
Page 138 and 139: - Complete ads rejeki, h i ingin me
Page 140 and 141: To say 'if .. ., then ...', we simp
Page 142 and 143: vords. When and While This chapter
Page 144 and 145: I hile Handy expression To say 'to
Page 146 and 147: J Although and Not ... But In this
Page 148 and 149: P g itu , - 4 Meski cuaca dingin, J
Page 150 and 151: a f L Complete the following senten
Page 152 and 153: The expression (ber)tambah ... (ber
Page 154 and 155: IATIHAN 2 Translate these sentences
Page 156 and 157: -4 Write five sentences using janga
Page 158 and 159: tence. I ...*...*..... Imperatives
Page 160 and 161: ion . Dld IOU Tone of voice has a l
Page 162 and 163: - L Berdirim. Please stand up. Tuli
Page 164 and 165: Hendaklahhendaknya can also be used
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ood Minta nasinya a. . Minta nasiny
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anya) nature, m for 3s. 1 you UP at
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2 Your mother is going to a your li
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Dilarang Literally meaning 'it is p
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There are lots of mosquitoes at nig
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1 Urging (no subject) AYO habiskap
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Summary Imperatives: commands, requ
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at aid .t what an unple, I If we pu
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Tommy, kamu membolos, ya? (d Report
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Sopir bis berkata:'Jangan merokok d
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. * * . * * * . * * * , Glossary Th
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abstract n o u H + numeral 64 ke-an
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I Appendix How do you say it in Ind
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(= criminal) jahat bad luck nasib m
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- In questions and negatives, no se
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(possibly. might) kiranla. barangka
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(= to leave behind, abandon) mening
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242 APPENCIX to be out (=not at hom
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to set (=place, put) menaruh (= a c
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- rig111 on trmr. tepat pada wahtun
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to know one's way around Cahu jalan
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