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Object-focus with auxiliary, prepositional phrase and adverb We saw earlier that simple subject-focus constructions consisting of Subject - Verb - Object can be made more interesting by adding auxiliary verbs, prepositional phrases and adverbs. These constructions can be transformed into object-focus constructions. The simplest way to do this is by following the above rules, while leaving these additional things where they are. That is to say, we do not need to move them around or make any other changes the way we do with the subject, verb and object. Nina akan menulis cerpen besok. Subject Auxiliary verb Main verb Object Adverb of time -- 4 sofneoni$/ something somewhere ~e~@yupI~! . . to #t: . . Cerpen akan ditulis Nina besok Object Auxiliary verb Main verb Subject Adveh of time .................................................................................... SUBJECT-FOCUS Dokter sedang memeriksa pasien di ruang 3. Subject Auxiliary verb Main verb Object Prepositional phruse .................................................................................... OBJECT-FOCUS . Pasien sedang diperiksa dokter di ruang 3. Object Auxiliary verb Main verb Subject Prepositional phmse Transform the sentences below into obiect-focus constructions. Remember to keep the auxiliary verb, prepositional phrase and the adverb where they are in each sentence. -4 Write an object-focus sentence, using the auxiliary akan, to describe what is happening or what will or may happen to each of the objects shown below. Remember that you must use a transitive verb for this. Start your sentences with the words provided. 130 A Student's Guide to Indonesian Grammar
ions ay to la1 verb Example: Bunga ini ... a Bunga ini akan saya beli. LiterallyThis flower I will buy + I will buy this flower. 1 Kotak emas itu ... 2 Siswa dari Indonesia iu ... 3 Telephon genggam ini ... 4 Tugas itu ... 5 Tiket pesawat terbang ini ... Questions in object-focus using apa yang and siupu Yaw The object-focus construction can also be used in interrogative sentences. Rather than asking a question in subject-focus, we can use an object-focus construction starting. with Apa yang ... ? (What is it that ... 7) if the object is inanimate, or Siapa yang ... ? (Who is it that ... ?) if the object is a person. In the following examples, the object is underlined. .................................................................................... FIRST PERSON SUBJECT Statement: Saya memasak &. Question in subject-focus: Saya memasak w? Question in object-focus: Apa )rang saya masak? .................................................................................... SECOND PERSON SUBJECT Statement: Saudara akan membeli mobil. Question in su bject-focus: Saudara akan membeli w? Question in object-focus: Apa vang akan Saudara beli? .................................................................................... THIRD PERSON SUBJECT Statement: Question in subject-focus: Question in object-focus: Mereka rnenelepon teman sa~a. Mereka menelepon siapa? Siapa yang mereka telpon? Siapa yang ditelepon (oleh) mereka? - ibe ects his. LATIHAN I ( 1 1 1 Turn the following statements into object-focus questions by using either Apa yang ...? or Siapa yang ...?. The object in each sentence is ked~ii41i;-bk# ... - me&* underlined. a -"t+ mieive .me'riyuruh$~ ... . 1 Karni makan nasi setiap hari. -. s~bbody to 2 Bu Siti membawa keraniang. do something 3 Mereka membuat maialah dinding sekolah. pdang to go.home 4 Saya akan menelepon Toni. tuk*b;'ecak rickshaw 5 Anda akan rnenerima hadia besar. driver ?= I Subject-focus and Object-focus 13 1
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ahasa indonesia milik widya DEPARTM
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Contents Introduction Acknowledgmen
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- - 14 Ter- 1 4.1 Adjective ter- 14
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Introduction I A Student's Guide to
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Source Acknowledgments The author a
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Question woril: & itu apel? Is that
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MANA Mana is used in questions, usu
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Anda guru, bukan? You are a teacher
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A: Karnu pernah rnakan durian? Have
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1 A: Murid boleh merokok di sekolah
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I . 3 nni's teacher's house In this
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I In this type of-noun phrase, the
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-4 Translate the following more com
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Numbers, Classifiers and Quantity ?
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I wv - LUJ- laLua 50 = h a puluh +
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~iJcewise, we can also &&d@& no&'fi
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1 1 11 TO show quantity, we can use
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When used to say 'the person who(m)
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!. Transitive and i Intransitive Ve
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pulang selesai singgah tahu terbang
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g'$J Mote Some intransitive verbs c
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pasang rnemasang to set up, install
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Mereka ' membaca buku. They read a
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A 5 tierlibur 6 mencuri 7 berbelanj
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Did you knowt The word beruang can
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elanja to shop berbelan ja to shop
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-. lATlHAN 3 Working in pairs, choo
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I In this chqptei we will learn mor
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13 kepit 14 umpat 15 ambil 16 ekor
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To go to where the base word indica
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6 Presiden itu menpinap di hotel bi
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4 The suffix -kan is often attached
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*- 4 Complete each of the following
Page 70 and 71: 3 a membaca (read) b membacakan (re
Page 72 and 73: Some meN-kan words can be adjective
Page 74 and 75: Summary MeN-kan words are primarily
Page 76 and 77: To act in the manner of i bai k bin
Page 78 and 79: antar to take somethinghomeone some
Page 80 and 81: erdiam di to live in mendiami to oc
Page 82 and 83: When term is affixed to adjectives,
Page 84 and 85: Accidental action: intransitive Ter
Page 86 and 87: You can also leave out the 'by phra
Page 88 and 89: terbangun to be woken by something
Page 90 and 91: ........,( Ke-an In grammatical ter
Page 92 and 93: In this case, the meaning of ke-an
Page 94 and 95: 1 04 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
Page 96 and 97: Some ke--an words have two meanings
Page 98 and 99: Words with the peN- prefix are usua
Page 100 and 101: 1 10 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
Page 102 and 103: 3 Pemakan daging 4 Pembuka kaleng 5
Page 104 and 105: * * * . *.. **** I' Like other affi
Page 106 and 107: LATIHAH 2 Tkanslate these noun phra
Page 108 and 109: Summary The majority of words with
Page 110 and 111: MeN-kan and meN-i Some peN-an nouns
Page 112 and 113: Other percan nouns Some other per-a
Page 114 and 115: Subiect-focus and The terms subject
Page 116 and 117: LATlHAN I Now that you have learnt
Page 118 and 119: Summary of the rules First or secon
Page 122 and 123: 6 Pak Totok menjual buah-buahan di
Page 124 and 125: ' 4 Look at each of the following t
Page 126 and 127: Uses of -nyu In this chapter we wil
Page 128 and 129: I It is sweltering today. What migh
Page 130 and 131: Teman saya jaketm merah. Topic Comm
Page 132 and 133: * * . * * * . * . " ~ Ways to Say '
Page 134 and 135: Tahun lalu terjadi gempa bumi di sa
Page 136 and 137: 2 You could not come. to your frien
Page 138 and 139: - Complete ads rejeki, h i ingin me
Page 140 and 141: To say 'if .. ., then ...', we simp
Page 142 and 143: vords. When and While This chapter
Page 144 and 145: I hile Handy expression To say 'to
Page 146 and 147: J Although and Not ... But In this
Page 148 and 149: P g itu , - 4 Meski cuaca dingin, J
Page 150 and 151: a f L Complete the following senten
Page 152 and 153: The expression (ber)tambah ... (ber
Page 154 and 155: IATIHAN 2 Translate these sentences
Page 156 and 157: -4 Write five sentences using janga
Page 158 and 159: tence. I ...*...*..... Imperatives
Page 160 and 161: ion . Dld IOU Tone of voice has a l
Page 162 and 163: - L Berdirim. Please stand up. Tuli
Page 164 and 165: Hendaklahhendaknya can also be used
Page 166 and 167: ood Minta nasinya a. . Minta nasiny
Page 168 and 169: anya) nature, m for 3s. 1 you UP at
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2 Your mother is going to a your li
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Dilarang Literally meaning 'it is p
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There are lots of mosquitoes at nig
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1 Urging (no subject) AYO habiskap
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Summary Imperatives: commands, requ
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at aid .t what an unple, I If we pu
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Tommy, kamu membolos, ya? (d Report
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Sopir bis berkata:'Jangan merokok d
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. * * . * * * . * * * , Glossary Th
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abstract n o u H + numeral 64 ke-an
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I Appendix How do you say it in Ind
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(= criminal) jahat bad luck nasib m
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- In questions and negatives, no se
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(possibly. might) kiranla. barangka
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(= to leave behind, abandon) mening
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242 APPENCIX to be out (=not at hom
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to set (=place, put) menaruh (= a c
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- rig111 on trmr. tepat pada wahtun
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to know one's way around Cahu jalan
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