bahasa indonesia

. * * . * * * . * * * ,
Glossary
The followindgtammatical terms used in this book. The definition of each term is already given
in the relevant chapters; however, this list may be useful as a quick reference.
abstract noun A noun that refers to something we cannot see or touch (e.g. perasaan 'emotion, feeling').
adjective A word that describes the quality of people (e.g. cantik 'beautiful'), things (e.g. bagus 'nice,
good*), or places (e.g, jauh 'far').
adverb A word that indicates such things as frequency (e.g. Lima kali 'five times'), manner (e.g.
pelan-pelan 'slowly'), or time (e.g. pagi ini 'this morning').
affix A term used to refer to an incomplete word that is attached to the front or end of a base word,
agent A person (or another animate being) who is the instigator of an action.
Z
aspect A word that shows whether an action is in process, completed or not yet completed (e.g. sedang
'in process of, sudah 'already', belum 'not yet').
auxiliary verb
main verb.
A word that expresses such things as aspect or modality and usually occurs before the
benefactive sentence A sentence construction involving a transitive verb that indicates that the action
is done for the benefit of someone else. In Indonesian, the verb is usually suffixed by &an.
beneficiary A person (or other animate being] who benefits from the action indicated by the verb.
causative sentence A sentence construction involving a transitive verb that indicates that the action
'causes' something to become what is indicated by the base word. In Indonesian, the verb has the
suffix -kan (e.g. membersihkan 'to cause something to become clean, to clean') or -i (e.g. mengotori 'to
cause something to become dirty*).
circumfix A combination of a prefix and suffix, both attached to the same base word (e.g. meN-kan in
mernbesarkan).
classMer A word whose function is to classify nouns according to shape or size (e.g. ekor 'tail' in
seekor anjing 'a dog').
conditional sentence
A sentence construction expressing a hypothesis or condition; an 'if' sentence.
conjunction A word that joins or links one part of a sentence to another.
demonstrative
A pointing w'ord (e.g. ini 'this', itu 'that').
direct speech A sentence used to tell other people what someone has said using the actual words
uttered by that person.
ditransitive sentence A sentence construction involving a transitive verb that is followed by two
objects, the first being the primary object and the second, the secondary object.
head The main word in a phrase. In a noun phrase (e.g. kamar mandi 'bathroom') the noun [kamar) is
the head, while in a prepbsitional phrase [e.g. di rumah 'at home*) the preposition (di) is the head.
imperative The sentence construction used to tell someone to do something. Imperative sentences
range from commands and requests to invitations and offers.
p Glossary 195