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elanja to shop berbelan ja to shop dagang to do business, sell berdagang to do business, sell kumpul to gather berkumpul to gather main to play bermain to play nyanyi to sing bernyanyi to sing . Spelling When attached to certainbai&.w~rds, the 'r' in ber- is either , replaced by ai@&g ]etter;or, if the base word begins with-!?, it is dropped altsgbt&ii t$hr&,&t:&i rerest of this Cpapter, & asterisk (*J is used to indfcate7wor~s:to which-the spellidg chmge applies. ajar to te&h * . - . *belajar. to learn, study kerja to work "bekerja to work renang to swim "berenang to swim runding to negotiate 'berunding to negotiate 'CVheu a~tached to a numeral, ber- means 'in + number'. i lima five berlima group of five people (Literally: in five) dua two berdua two people together (Literally: in two) However, note the following. i t i k satu one bersatu to unite (to be one) When the suffix -an is attached to a ber- verb, the verb will indicate i either 'reciprocality' or 'irregularity of action or motion'. 1 64 A Student's Guide to Indonesian Grammar I i i ! i I
Reciprocality 'Reciprocality' means that the verbs indicate mutual action or relationship between two or more people, animals or inanimate objects (for example, vehicles). bentur to knock, hit berbenturan cium tokiss berciuman dekat near berdekatan dua two berduaan hadap face berhadapan jabat to shake hand berjabatan (tangan) jauh far berjauhan kenal to know berkenalan musuh enemy bermusu han pandang gaze, look berpandangan papas to come across berpapasan pegang to hold berpegangan (tangan) sebelah side berse belahan seberang across berseberangan tabrak to hit, collide bertabrakan to. knock or hit each other to be kissing (two people) to be in close proximity to each other to be alone with a partner (Literally: in two) to face each other to shake hands to be distant from each other to introduce oneself to someone to be each other's enemy to gazellook at each other to meet or bump into someone to hold hands to be side by side to be across from each other to collide Irregular action or motion datang to come berdatangan to arrive one after another kejar to chase berkejaran to chase each other lari to run berlarian to run everywhere (to and fro) tebar to scatter bertebaran to be scattered terbang to fly "beterbangan to fly everywhere Waktu -, orang Indonesia biasanya beriabatan tanpan. When introducine themselves, Indonesians usually, shake hands. Mobil itu bertabrakan dengan truk. That car collided with a truck. Tamu-tamu mulai berdatannan ke pesta itu. Guests are starting to arrive at that party.
Page 1:
ahasa indonesia milik widya DEPARTM
Page 4 and 5: Contents Introduction Acknowledgmen
Page 6 and 7: - - 14 Ter- 1 4.1 Adjective ter- 14
Page 9 and 10: Introduction I A Student's Guide to
Page 11 and 12: Source Acknowledgments The author a
Page 13 and 14: Question woril: & itu apel? Is that
Page 15 and 16: MANA Mana is used in questions, usu
Page 17 and 18: Anda guru, bukan? You are a teacher
Page 19 and 20: A: Karnu pernah rnakan durian? Have
Page 21 and 22: 1 A: Murid boleh merokok di sekolah
Page 24 and 25: I . 3 nni's teacher's house In this
Page 26 and 27: I In this type of-noun phrase, the
Page 28 and 29: -4 Translate the following more com
Page 30 and 31: Numbers, Classifiers and Quantity ?
Page 32 and 33: I wv - LUJ- laLua 50 = h a puluh +
Page 34 and 35: ~iJcewise, we can also &&d@& no&'fi
Page 36 and 37: 1 1 11 TO show quantity, we can use
Page 38 and 39: When used to say 'the person who(m)
Page 40 and 41: !. Transitive and i Intransitive Ve
Page 42 and 43: pulang selesai singgah tahu terbang
Page 44 and 45: g'$J Mote Some intransitive verbs c
Page 46 and 47: pasang rnemasang to set up, install
Page 48 and 49: Mereka ' membaca buku. They read a
Page 50 and 51: A 5 tierlibur 6 mencuri 7 berbelanj
Page 52 and 53: Did you knowt The word beruang can
Page 56 and 57: -. lATlHAN 3 Working in pairs, choo
Page 58 and 59: I In this chqptei we will learn mor
Page 60 and 61: 13 kepit 14 umpat 15 ambil 16 ekor
Page 62 and 63: To go to where the base word indica
Page 64 and 65: 6 Presiden itu menpinap di hotel bi
Page 66 and 67: 4 The suffix -kan is often attached
Page 68 and 69: *- 4 Complete each of the following
Page 70 and 71: 3 a membaca (read) b membacakan (re
Page 72 and 73: Some meN-kan words can be adjective
Page 74 and 75: Summary MeN-kan words are primarily
Page 76 and 77: To act in the manner of i bai k bin
Page 78 and 79: antar to take somethinghomeone some
Page 80 and 81: erdiam di to live in mendiami to oc
Page 82 and 83: When term is affixed to adjectives,
Page 84 and 85: Accidental action: intransitive Ter
Page 86 and 87: You can also leave out the 'by phra
Page 88 and 89: terbangun to be woken by something
Page 90 and 91: ........,( Ke-an In grammatical ter
Page 92 and 93: In this case, the meaning of ke-an
Page 94 and 95: 1 04 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
Page 96 and 97: Some ke--an words have two meanings
Page 98 and 99: Words with the peN- prefix are usua
Page 100 and 101: 1 10 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
Page 102 and 103: 3 Pemakan daging 4 Pembuka kaleng 5
Page 104 and 105:
* * * . *.. **** I' Like other affi
Page 106 and 107:
LATIHAH 2 Tkanslate these noun phra
Page 108 and 109:
Summary The majority of words with
Page 110 and 111:
MeN-kan and meN-i Some peN-an nouns
Page 112 and 113:
Other percan nouns Some other per-a
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Subiect-focus and The terms subject
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LATlHAN I Now that you have learnt
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Summary of the rules First or secon
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Object-focus with auxiliary, prepos
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6 Pak Totok menjual buah-buahan di
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' 4 Look at each of the following t
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Uses of -nyu In this chapter we wil
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I It is sweltering today. What migh
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Teman saya jaketm merah. Topic Comm
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* * . * * * . * . " ~ Ways to Say '
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Tahun lalu terjadi gempa bumi di sa
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2 You could not come. to your frien
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- Complete ads rejeki, h i ingin me
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To say 'if .. ., then ...', we simp
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vords. When and While This chapter
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I hile Handy expression To say 'to
Page 146 and 147:
J Although and Not ... But In this
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P g itu , - 4 Meski cuaca dingin, J
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a f L Complete the following senten
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The expression (ber)tambah ... (ber
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IATIHAN 2 Translate these sentences
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-4 Write five sentences using janga
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tence. I ...*...*..... Imperatives
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ion . Dld IOU Tone of voice has a l
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- L Berdirim. Please stand up. Tuli
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Hendaklahhendaknya can also be used
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ood Minta nasinya a. . Minta nasiny
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anya) nature, m for 3s. 1 you UP at
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2 Your mother is going to a your li
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Dilarang Literally meaning 'it is p
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There are lots of mosquitoes at nig
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1 Urging (no subject) AYO habiskap
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Summary Imperatives: commands, requ
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at aid .t what an unple, I If we pu
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Tommy, kamu membolos, ya? (d Report
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Sopir bis berkata:'Jangan merokok d
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. * * . * * * . * * * , Glossary Th
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abstract n o u H + numeral 64 ke-an
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I Appendix How do you say it in Ind
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(= criminal) jahat bad luck nasib m
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- In questions and negatives, no se
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(possibly. might) kiranla. barangka
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(= to leave behind, abandon) mening
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242 APPENCIX to be out (=not at hom
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to set (=place, put) menaruh (= a c
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- rig111 on trmr. tepat pada wahtun
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to know one's way around Cahu jalan
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